Project description:The chromosome-level genome assembly and multi-omics analyses unveil a pivotal regulatory mechanism of Piperlongumine biosynthesis in the Piper sarmentosum
Project description:<p>Piper sarmentosum Roxb. is a significant medicinal and edible plant, and its active compound piperlongumine (PL) has garnered attention due to its pharmacological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the key enzymes and regulatory mechanisms of its biosynthetic pathway are not yet fully understood. In this study, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly, with a contig N50 of 15.36 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 22.52 Mb. The BUSCO assessment indicated high completeness, with a score of 97.4%. Genome annotation revealed 39,154 protein-coding genes and identified three lineage-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) events that expanded gene families associated with alkaloid biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis identified 4,456 metabolites, including 238 alkaloids, and demonstrated that flowers and fruits are the primary organs for PL biosynthesis. Molecular docking and the correlation of gene expression with levels of PL suggest that PsHCT1 catalyzes the condensation of sinapoyl-CoA and 5,6-dihydropyridinone, whilePsCCoAOMT1 is responsible for the final synthesis of PL. This study provides insights into the mechanism of alkaloid biosynthesis in P. sarmentosum and may help lay the groundwork for enhancing the production of medicinal compounds.</p>
Project description:Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb native to Southeast Asia. The complete genome of P. sarmentosum was sequenced and characterized in this study with the aim of providing genomic resources for the evolution and molecular breeding of P. sarmentosum. It has a typical quadripartite structure, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,979 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,274 bp, and two copies of 27,068 bp inverted-repeat regions (IRa and IRb). A total of 130 genes were annotated, comprising 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The phylogenetic tree showed that P. sarmentosum in the current study is closely related to Piper longum.
Project description:Comparative chloroplast genome analyses are mostly carried out at lower taxonomic levels, such as the family and genus levels. At higher taxonomic levels, chloroplast genomes are generally used to reconstruct phylogenies. However, little attention has been paid to chloroplast genome evolution within orders. Here, we present the chloroplast genome of Sedum sarmentosum and take advantage of several available (or elucidated) chloroplast genomes to examine the evolution of chloroplast genomes in Saxifragales. The chloroplast genome of S. sarmentosum is 150,448 bp long and includes 82,212 bp of a large single-copy (LSC) region, 16.670 bp of a small single-copy (SSC) region, and a pair of 25,783 bp sequences of inverted repeats (IRs).The genome contains 131 unique genes, 18 of which are duplicated within the IRs. Based on a comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from four representative Saxifragales families, we observed two gene losses and two pseudogenes in Paeonia obovata, and the loss of an intron was detected in the rps16 gene of Penthorum chinense. Comparisons among the 72 common protein-coding genes confirmed that the chloroplast genomes of S. sarmentosum and Paeonia obovata exhibit accelerated sequence evolution. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the rates of genome evolution and genome size. The detected genome size variations are predominantly caused by the length of intergenic spacers, rather than losses of genes and introns, gene pseudogenization or IR expansion or contraction. The genome sizes of these species are negatively correlated with nucleotide substitution rates. Species with shorter duration of the life cycle tend to exhibit shorter chloroplast genomes than those with longer life cycles.