Monkeypox virus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1184999 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The outbreak-causing monkeypox virus of 2022 (2022 MPXV) is classified as a clade IIb strain and phylogenetically distinct from prior endemic MPXV strains (clades I or IIa), suggesting that its virological properties may also differ. Here, we used human keratinocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived colon organoids to examine the efficiency of viral growth in these cells and the MPXV infection-mediated host responses. MPXV replication was much more productive in keratinocytes than in colon organoids. We observed that MPXV infections, regardless of strain, caused cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes. Notably, a significant increase in the expression of hypoxia-related genes was observed specifically in 2022 MPXV-infected keratinocytes. Our comparison of virological features between 2022 MPXV and prior endemic MPXV strains revealed signaling pathways potentially involved with the cellular damages caused by MPXV infections and highlights host vulnerabilities that could be utilized as protective therapeutic strategies against human mpox in the future.
2023-06-06 | GSE219036 | GEO
Project description:Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection-associated intestinal manifestations including diarrhea and proctitis have been frequently reported during mpox outbreaks. The clade IIb MPXV strain has caused the 2022-2023 global outbreak, whereas the Ia and Ib strains are causing the concurrent outbreaks in Africa. Here, we found clinical evidence that MPXV can directly infect human intestine to induce lesions. Intriguingly, primary organoids cultured from human ileum and rectum support productive infections of MPXV clade IIb, Ia and Ib strains. Upon differentiation, we found that enterocytes and goblet cells but not enteroendocrine cells are capable of supporting viral replication. Given that primary intestinal organoids can be rapidly expanded in large scale, we were able to screen a broad-spectrum antiviral drug library. We identified 12 leading candidates of safe-in-human agents including clinically used drugs such as clofarabine. We extensively validated the anti-MPXV activity of clofarabine in human intestinal and skin organoids, and consistently demonstrated the potent antiviral activity against clade Ia, Ib and IIb strains. These findings are important for better understanding the clinical manifestations of mpox. Primary intestinal organoids-based infection models and the established antiviral drug discovery pipeline bear major implications in responding to the current mpox global health emergency, and sustaining epidemic poxvirus preparedness.
2025-06-05 | GSE298715 | GEO
Project description:Mpox virus (MPXV) infection has different case fatality rates and symptoms depending on its clade. However, there has not been sufficient molecular biological analysis of the differences between clades. Here, we investigated whether we can distinguish between clades by focusing on the expression of MPXV genes. The replication efficiency of MPXV clade IIb, responsible for the 2022 Mpox outbreak, was lower than that of clades Ia and IIa. We found that OPG175 was highly expressed in MPXV clade IIb-infected cells. Suppression of OPG175 expression significantly upregulated the infectious titer of MPXV, while OPG175 overexpression significantly decreased the infectious titer of MPXV. We found OPG175 overexpression to enhance the expression of Wnt signaling-related genes and activation of Wnt signaling to decrease the replication efficiency of MPXV. Therefore, high OPG175 expression in MPXV clade IIb-infected cells likely inhibits MPXV replication via activation of Wnt signaling.
2025-10-24 | GSE278866 | GEO
Project description:The soaring global monkeypox cases lead to a surge in demand for monkeypox vaccine, which far exceeds the supply. mRNA vaccine has achieved great success in prevention of coronavirus disease and holds promise against diverse pathogens. In this study, we generate a polyvalent lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA vaccine candidate for monkeypox virus (MPXV) and evaluate its immunogenicity in animal models. This polyvalent MPXV mRNA vaccine candidate, MPXVac-097, encodes five 2022 MPXV targets that are important surface antigens. Three-dose (prime-boost-booster) MPXVac-097 vaccination elicits strong antibody response to A35R and E8L antigens, moderate response to M1R, but not B6R or A29, highlighting the differences in immunogenicity. Bulk T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing reveals preferential usage of VJ combinations and clonal expansion of peripheral T cells after MPXVac-097 vaccination. These data demonstrate initial feasibility of developing MPXV mRNA vaccine and pave the way for its future optimization.
2023-02-13 | GSE225183 | GEO
Project description:In 2022, a global mpox outbreak occurred, and remains a concern today. The T cell memory response to MPXV infection has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated this response in convalescent and MVA-BN vaccinated individuals using VACV-infected cells. Detailed phenotypic and scRNAseq analysis was focused on the immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-G5R18-26-specific CD8+ T cell response. T cells from convalescent individuals showed greater cytotoxicity, migratory potential to site of infection and TCR clonal expansion. Our study suggests a better functional profile of MPXV-specific memory T cells induced by natural infection, which may have an implication on the long-term protective responses to future infection.
2025-03-17 | E-MTAB-14244 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Monkeypox Outbreak 2022 Spain ISCIII
| PRJEB53450 | ENA
Project description:Canadian monkeypox genomic data and descriptive contextual data from primary specimens collected in 2022
| PRJNA846794 | ENA
Project description:Monkeypox virus outbreak/surveillance at NJ State DOH, Public Health & Environmental Laboratories
| PRJNA886998 | ENA
Project description:Second draft genome from Spain of the Monkeypox virus 2022 outbreak
| PRJEB53330 | ENA