Project description:We have sequenced miRNA libraries from human embryonic, neural and foetal mesenchymal stem cells. We report that the majority of miRNA genes encode mature isomers that vary in size by one or more bases at the 3’ and/or 5’ end of the miRNA. Northern blotting for individual miRNAs showed that the proportions of isomiRs expressed by a single miRNA gene often differ between cell and tissue types. IsomiRs were readily co-immunoprecipitated with Argonaute proteins in vivo and were active in luciferase assays, indicating that they are functional. Bioinformatics analysis predicts substantial differences in targeting between miRNAs with minor 5’ differences and in support of this we report that a 5’ isomiR-9-1 gained the ability to inhibit the expression of DNMT3B and NCAM2 but lost the ability to inhibit CDH1 in vitro. This result was confirmed by the use of isomiR-specific sponges. Our analysis of the miRGator database indicates that a small percentage of human miRNA genes express isomiRs as the dominant transcript in certain cell types and analysis of miRBase shows that 5’ isomiRs have replaced canonical miRNAs many times during evolution. This strongly indicates that isomiRs are of functional importance and have contributed to the evolution of miRNA genes
Project description:Gene expression profiling of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells with hTERT/E6/E7 transfected MSCs. hTERT may change gene expression in MSCs. Goal was to determine the gene expressions of immortalized MSCs.
Project description:The post-translational modification of lysine acetylation is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and understanding this relationship requires detailed knowledge about the acetylated proteome in HCC tissue and about differences in protein acetylation between cirrhosis and liver cancer. Here we characterized the acetylome in three paired sets of cirrhotic tissue and hepatitis B-related HCC tissue. Combining affinity-based enrichment of acetylated peptides with highly sensitive mass spectrometry, we identified 1493 acetylation sites in 777 proteins and quantified 1040 acetylation sites in 587 proteins. We discovered that the histone acetyltransferases p300 and CBP were hyperacetylated in HCC and cirrhosis but not in normal liver tissue. We also identified several proteins acetylated at more than 10 lysines in HCC and cirrhosis. In addition, our results revealed that HCC was associated with up-regulation of acetylation at 353 sites in 237 proteins and down-regulation of acetylation at 209 sites in 122 proteins. We validated our results using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Validation with an independent set of clinical samples confirmed our initial screening result that acetylation of lysine 120 in histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I and lysine 18 in histone H3.3 was significantly associated with survival of HCC patients. Acetylation of lysine 77 in histone H4 was associated with survival as well as recurrence. Our study provides numerous new leads to examine the role of acetylation in HCC and its potential as a prognostic marker as well as therapeutic target.
Project description:RNA sequencing was performed on mouse liver tissue samples from four groups: ND+oil (normal), WD+oil (NASH), ND+CCl₄ (cirrhosis), and WD+CCl₄ (HCC).