Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1199004 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR31740337.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31740338.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31740339.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33581457_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33581457_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The Green Revolution (GR) profoundly altered plant–microorganism interactions through widespread agrochemical use and crop breeding. Phytopathogenic fungi present major challenges to agriculture by reducing yield and quality, increasing production costs, and impacting food security and environmental sustainability. Historical biological collections preserving pre-GR diversity are key to understanding how modern intensive agriculture has shaped these interactions. In this study, we revived two Botrytis cinerea strains from the early 1940s and performed phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Comparisons with modern strains revealed significant differences, including adaptations likely driven by fungicide use and environmental pressures such as host-specific pathogenicity and pH tolerance. Our findings highlight the value of natural history collections and demonstrate how archived pathogens can be revisited with advanced omic technologies to reveal long-term ecological and evolutionary changes. These insights are crucial for plant disease management, outbreak prediction, biodiversity conservation, and advancing sustainable agriculture practices.
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Project description:Free-breeding dogs have occupied the Galápagos islands at least since the 1830s, however, it was not until the 1900s that dog populations grew substantially, endangering wildlife and spreading disease. In 1981, authorities sanctioned the culling of free-roaming dogs. Yet there are currently large free-roaming dog populations of unknown ancestry on the islands of Isabela and Santa Cruz, whose ancestry has never been assessed on a genome-wide scale. Thus, we performed a complete genomic analysis of the current Galápagos dog population as well as historical Galápagos dogs sampled between 1969 and 2003, testing for population structure, admixture, and shared ancestry. Our dataset included samples from 187 modern and six historical Galápagos dogs, together with whole genome sequence from over 2,000 modern purebred and village dogs. Our results indicate that modern Galápagos dogs are recently admixed with purebred dogs but show no evidence of a population bottleneck related to the culling. Additionally, IBD analyses reveal evidence of shared shepherd-dog ancestry in the historical Galápagos dogs. Overall, our results demonstrate that the 1980s culling of dogs was ineffective in controlling population size and did little to reduce genetic diversity, instead producing a stable and expanding population with genomic signatures of historical dogs remaining today. The insights from this study can be used to improve population control strategies for the Galápagos Islands and other endangered endemic communities worldwide.
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Project description:A LysM Receptor-like Kinase Mediates Chitin Perception and Fungal Resistance in Arabidopsis; Jinrong Wan,1 Xuecheng Zhang,1 David Neece,2 Katrina M. Ramonell,3 Steve Clough,2,4 Sung-yong Kim,1 Minviluz Stacey,1 and Gary Stacey1*; 1Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; 2Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; 4US Department of Agriculture, Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology and Genetics Research, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: staceyg@missouri.edu; Abstract: Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is found in fungal cell walls, but not in plants. Plant cells are capable of perceiving chitin fragments (chitooligosaccharides) to trigger various defense responses. We identified a LysM receptor-like protein (AtLysM RLK1) that is required for the perception of chitooligosaccharides in Arabidopsis. Mutation of this gene blocked the induction of almost all chitooligosaccharide-responsive genes (CRGs) and led to more susceptibility to fungal pathogens, but not to a bacterial pathogen. In addition, exogenously applied chitooligosaccharides enhanced resistance against both fungal and bacterial pathogens in the wild-type plants, but not in the mutant. Together, our data strongly suggest AtLysM RLK1 is the chitin receptor or a key part of the receptor complex and chitin is a PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) in fungi recognized by the receptor leading to the induction of plant innate immunity against fungal pathogens. Since LysM RLKs were also recently shown to be critical for the perception of the rhizobial lipo-chitin Nod signals, our data suggest that LysM RLKs not just recognize friendly symbiotic rhizobia (via their lipo-chitin Nod signals), but also hostile fungal pathogens (via their cell wall chitin). These data suggest a possible evolutionary relationship between the perception mechanisms of Nod signals and chitin by plants. Experiment Overall Design: wild type Col-0 and chitin receptor mutants treated with or without chitooctaose
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Project description:Plant pathogens can cause serious diseases that impact global agriculture1. Understanding how the plant immune system naturally restricts pathogen infection holds a key to sustainable disease control in modern agricultural practices. However, despite extensive studies into the molecular and genetic basis of plant defense against pathogens since the 1950s2,3, one of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology remains unanswered: how resistant plants halt pathogen growth during immune activation. In the case of bacterial infections, a major bottleneck is an inability to determine the global bacterial transcriptome and metabolic responses in planta. Here, we developed an innovative pipeline that allows for in planta high-resolution bacterial transcriptome analysis with RNA-Seq, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the foliar bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We examined a total of 27 combinations of plant immunity and bacterial virulence mutants to gain an unprecedented insight into the bacterial transcriptomic responses during plant immunity. We were able to identify specific bacterial transcriptomic signatures that are linked to bacterial inhibition during two major forms of plant immunity: pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Among them, regulation of a P. syringae sigma factor gene, involved in iron regulation and an unknown process(es), was found to play a causative role in bacterial restriction during plant immunity. This study unlocked the enigmatic mechanisms of bacterial growth inhibition during plant immunity; results have broad basic and practical implications for future study of plant diseases.
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Project description:Paleofeces are an important source of information to study the evolution of dietary habits and human health. The UNESCO World Heritage region of Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut is one of Europe’s oldest cultural and industrial landscapes; its underground salt mines dating back at least to the 14th century BC are one of the few archaeological sites where paleofeces are well preserved. The high salt concentrations and the constant annual temperature at around 8°C inside the isolated Hallstatt mines have perfectly preserved organic archaeological artefacts (e.g. paleofeces, clothing, mining tools) that provide unique insights into the daily life of a progressive community in Hallstatt. Here we subjected human paleofeces dated from the Bronze Age to early Modern Times to an in-depth microscopic, metagenomic and proteomic analysis. This allowed us to reconstruct the diet of the former population and gain insights into their ancient gut microbiome composition. Our dietary survey identified bran and glumes of different cereals as one of the most prevalent plant fragments. This highly fibrous, carbohydrate-rich diet was supplemented with proteins from broad beans and occasionally with fruits, nuts, or animal food. Linked to these traditional dietary habits all ancient miners up to the early Modern times have gut microbiome structures akin to modern non-Westernized individuals which may indicate a shift in the gut community composition of modern Westernized populations due to quite recent dietary and lifestyle changes. When we extended our microbial survey to fungi present in the paleofeces, we observed in one of the Iron Age samples a high abundance of Penicillium roqueforti and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Genome-wide analysis indicates that both fungi were involved in food fermentation and provide the first molecular evidence for blue cheese and beer consumption during Iron Age Europe.
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