Short 5’ UTRs serve as a marker for mRNA translation inhibition by the IFIT2-IFIT3 antiviral complex
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1199975 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR31773500.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31773501.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31773502.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31773503.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31773504.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Recognition of non-self nucleic acids, including cytoplasmic dsDNA, dsRNA, or mRNAs lacking proper 5' cap structures, is critical for the induction of innate immunity against viruses. Here, we demonstrate that short 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs), a characteristic of many viral mRNAs, can also serve as molecular pattern for innate immune recognition via the interferon-induced proteins, IFIT2 and IFIT3. The IFIT2-IFIT3 heterodimer, formed through an intricate domain swap structure, mediates viral mRNA 5' end recognition, translation inhibition, and ultimately antiviral activity. Critically, 5' UTR lengths <50 nucleotides are necessary and sufficient to sensitize an mRNA to translation inhibition by the IFIT2-IFIT3 complex. Thus, diverse viruses whose mRNAs contain short 5’ UTRs, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and parainfluenza virus 3, are sensitive to IFIT2-IFIT3-mediated antiviral activity. Our work reveals a new size-restricted pattern of nucleic acid innate immune recognition for the selective repression of viral replication.
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Project description:Recognition of "non-self" nucleic acids, including cytoplasmic dsDNA, dsRNA, or mRNAs lacking proper 5' cap structures, is critical for the innate immune response to viruses. Here, we demonstrate that short 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), a characteristic of many viral mRNAs, can also serve as a molecular pattern for innate immune recognition via the interferon-induced proteins IFIT2 and IFIT3. The IFIT2-IFIT3 heterodimer, formed through an intricate domain swap structure resolved by cryo-EM, mediates viral mRNA 5' end recognition, translation inhibition, and ultimately antiviral activity. Critically, 5' UTR lengths <50 nucleotides are necessary and sufficient to sensitize an mRNA to translation inhibition by the IFIT2-IFIT3 complex. Accordingly, diverse viruses whose mRNAs contain short 5' UTRs, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and parainfluenza virus 3, are sensitive to IFIT2-IFIT3-mediated antiviral activity. Our work thus reveals a pattern of antiviral nucleic acid immune recognition that takes advantage of the inherent constraints on viral genome size.
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Project description:Cells infected by influenza virus mount a large-scale antiviral response and most cells ultimately initiate cell-death pathways in an attempt to suppress viral replication. We performed a CRISPR/Cas9-knockout selection designed to identify host factors required for replication following viral entry. We identified a large class of presumptive antiviral factors that unexpectedly act as important pro-viral enhancers during influenza virus infection. One of these, IFIT2, is an interferon-stimulated gene with well-established antiviral activity but limited mechanistic understanding. As opposed to suppressing infection, we show here that IFIT2 is instead repurposed by influenza virus to promote viral gene expression. CLIP‐seq demonstrated that IFIT2 binds directly to viral and cellular mRNAs in AU‐rich regions, with bound cellular transcripts enriched in interferon‐stimulated mRNAs. Polysome and ribosome profiling revealed that IFIT2 prevents ribosome pausing on bound mRNAs. Together, the data link IFIT2 binding to enhanced translational efficiency for viral and cellular mRNAs and ultimately viral replication. Our findings establish a model for the normal function of IFIT2 as a protein that increases translation of cellular mRNAs to support antiviral responses and explain how influenza virus uses this same activity to redirect a classically antiviral protein into a pro-viral effector.
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Project description:Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) are involved in the progression of multiple tumors. However the role of TIM-1 in BC progression is poorly understood. In this study, we searched the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess TIM-1 protein expression in bladder cancer (BC) patients. The results demonstrated that BC with high TIM-1 expression was associated with longer overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than BC with low TIM-1 expression. Overexpression of TIM-1 inhibits BC cell proliferation in both cell culture and animal experiments. RNA sequencing data indicated that interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) genes induced by interferon-α (IFN-α) were significantly enriched among the genes upregulated by TIM-1 overexpression. Mechanistically, our data revealed that TIM-1 promotes IFN-α release and activates the IFIT2/p-STAT1 pathway, which is known to be related to tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, knockdown of IFIT2 in TIM-1-overexpressing BC cells hinders the tumor suppressive effect of TIM-1. Our results revealed that TIM-1 is a potential molecular marker for BC prognosis and indicate that high TIM-1 expression suppresses BC cell proliferation in an IFIT2/p-STAT1-dependent manner.
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