Chromosome segregation dynamics during the cell cycle of Staphylococcus aureus
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1207503 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Research on chromosome organization and cell cycle progression in spherical bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited and fragmented. In this study, we established a working model to investigate chromosome dynamics in S. aureus using a Fluorescent Reporter Operator System (FROS), which enabled precise localization of specific chromosomal loci. This approach revealed that the S. aureus cell cycle and chromosome replication cycle are not coupled, with cells exhibiting two segregated origins of replication at the start of the cell cycle. The chromosome has a specific origin-terminus-origin conformation, with origins localizing near the membrane, towards the tip of each hemisphere, or the “cell poles”. We further used this system to assess the role of various proteins with a role in S. aureus chromosome biology, focusing on the ParB-parS and SMC-ScpAB systems. Our results demonstrate that ParB binds five parS chromosomal sequences and the resulting complexes influence chromosome conformation, but play a minor role in chromosome compaction and segregation. In contrast, the SMC-ScpAB complex plays a key role in S. aureus chromosome biology, contributing to chromosome compaction, segregation and spatial organization. Additionally, we systematically assessed the impact of proteins linking chromosome segregation to cell division—Noc, FtsK, SpoIIIE, and XerC—on origin and terminus number and positioning. While these proteins have been studied previously, our work uniquely standardizes comparisons by using the same strain background, growth conditions, and analytical approaches for all mutants. This work provides a comprehensive study of the factors governing chromosome dynamics and organization in S. aureus, contributing to our knowledge on chromosome biology of spherical bacteria.
2025-08-13 | GSE286260 | GEO
Project description:Research on chromosome organization and cell cycle progression in spherical bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited and fragmented. In this study, we established a working model to investigate chromosome dynamics in S. aureus using a Fluorescent Reporter Operator System (FROS), which enabled precise localization of specific chromosomal loci. This approach revealed that the S. aureus cell cycle and chromosome replication cycle are not coupled, with cells exhibiting two segregated origins of replication at the start of the cell cycle. The chromosome has a specific origin-terminus-origin conformation, with origins localizing near the membrane, towards the tip of each hemisphere, or the “cell poles”. We further used this system to assess the role of various proteins with a role in S. aureus chromosome biology, focusing on the ParB-parS and SMC-ScpAB systems. Our results demonstrate that ParB binds five parS chromosomal sequences and the resulting complexes influence chromosome conformation, but play a minor role in chromosome compaction and segregation. In contrast, the SMC-ScpAB complex plays a key role in S. aureus chromosome biology, contributing to chromosome compaction, segregation and spatial organization. Additionally, we systematically assessed the impact of proteins linking chromosome segregation to cell division—Noc, FtsK, SpoIIIE, and XerC—on origin and terminus number and positioning. While these proteins have been studied previously, our work uniquely standardizes comparisons by using the same strain background, growth conditions, and analytical approaches for all mutants. This work provides a comprehensive study of the factors governing chromosome dynamics and organization in S. aureus, contributing to our knowledge on chromosome biology of spherical bacteria.
2025-08-12 | GSE286023 | GEO
Project description:Chromosome segregation dynamics during the cell cycle of Staphylococcus aureus
| PRJNA1208491 | ENA
Project description:Chromosome segregation has been assumed to be a cell-autonomous process. We tested this assumption by comparing chromosome segregation fidelity in epithelial cells in various contexts and discovered that these cells have increased chromosome missegregation outside of their native tissue. Using organoid culture systems, we show that tissue architecture, specifically integrin function, is required for accurate chromosome segregation in epithelia. We find that tissue architecture enhances the correction of merotelic microtubule-kinetochore attachments, and this is critically important for maintaining chromosome stability in the polyploid liver. Our data lead to the surprising conclusion that chromosome segregation in epithelia is a cell non-autonomous process. We propose that disruption of tissue architecture could underlie the chromosome instability that characterizes and drives epithelial cancers. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of context for fundamental cellular processes and caution against the exclusive reliance on cell culture systems for deciphering and manipulating mammalian biology.
2018-08-23 | GSE111078 | GEO
Project description:Eukaryotic cell proliferation requires chromosome replication and precise segregation to ensure daughter cells have identical genomic copies. The genus Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, has developed remarkable characteristic of nuclear division throughout its lifecycle to meet some peculiar and unique challenges of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. The parasite undergoes atypical endomitosis and endoreduplication with an intact nuclear membrane and intranuclear mitotic spindle. To understand diverse modes of cell division in Plasmodium we have studied the behaviour and composition of a key part of the mitotic apparatus, the outer kinetochore Ndc80 complex that attaches the centromere of chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Using Ndc80 live-cell imaging in Plasmodium berghei we observe dynamic changes throughout proliferative life-stages including highly unusual kinetochore arrangements in sexual stages of the parasite. Furthermore, we identify a divergent Spc24 component of Ndc80 complex, previously thought to be missing, and completing a canonical, albeit unusual, Ndc80 complex structure. Altogether our studies reveal the kinetochore as an ideal starting point towards understanding non-canonical modes of chromosome segregation and cell division in Plasmodium.
2020-06-09 | PXD017619 | Pride
Project description:Cell non-autonomous regulation of chromosome segregation
| PRJNA435867 | ENA
Project description:Nuclear chromosome locations dictate segregation error frequencies
| PRJEB52892 | ENA
Project description:Chromosome segregation is a fundamental process in all life forms and requires coordination with genome organization, replication and cell division. The mechanism that mediates chromosome segregation in archaea remains enigmatic, despite the centre-stage role assumed by these organisms in the discourse about the origin of eukaryotes. Previously, we identified two proteins, SegA and SegB, which form a minimalist chromosome partition machine in Sulfolobales. Here we uncover patterns and mechanisms that the SegAB system employs to link chromosome organization to genome segregation. Deletion of the genes causes growth and chromosome partition defects. ChIP-seq investigations revealed that SegB binds to multiple sites scattered across the chromosome, but mainly localised close to the segAB locus in most of the examined archaeal genera. The sites are predominantly present in intragenic regions. Recent chromosome conformation studies have shown that the chromosome of Sulfolobales members is organised into two spatially segregated compartments, designated A and B. Interestingly, SegB sites are predominantly located in the A compartment, whose shaping factors have remained elusive so far. We show that SegB coalesces into multiple foci through the nucleoid, exhibiting a biased localisation towards the cell periphery, which hints at potential tethers to the cell membrane. This clue is further strengthened by the structural similarities of SegB orthologues with predicted b-helix domains to membrane-associate proteins, including the distant bactofilin. Atomic force microscopy experiments provided mechanistic insights into how SegB binds DNA and uncovered short-range DNA compaction and long-range looping of distant sites by SegB. These activities point to a significant role for SegB in chromosome condensation that in turn enables genome segregation. Collectively, our data put forward SegAB as important players in bridging chromosome organization to genome segregation in archaea.
2025-06-22 | GSE297822 | GEO
Project description:Segregation of replicated chromosomes during cell division is an essential process in all organisms. Chromosome segregation is promoted by the action of the DNA-binding ParB protein in the rod-shaped model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. How oval shaped bacteria, such as the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, efficiently segregate their chromosomes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the pneumococcal homolog of ParB is enriched at four centromere-like DNA sequences (parS sites) that are present near the origin of replication.
2011-06-11 | GSE26839 | GEO
Project description:Non-redundant functions of H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 in chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression
| PRJNA723839 | ENA