Turkey B-cell Transcriptome Profile During Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV) Infection Highlights Upregulated Apoptosis and Breakdown Pathways That May Mediate Immunosuppression
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1208190 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | ||||
| SRR31936100_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31936100_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31936102_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR31936102_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Background: Infection with Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV) can cause hemorrhagic enteritis, which affects turkey poults. This disease is characterized by immunosuppression (IMS) and bloody droppings. The clinical disease usually lasts only a few days but secondary opportunistic infections due to THEV-induced IMS extend the duration of illness and mortality, which exacerbates economic losses. Although an avirulent THEV strain with only subclinical disease is used as a vaccine, some immunosuppressive properties remain in this prophylactic strain. To elucidate the mechanisms mediating THEV-induced IMS, we performed the first transcriptomic analysis of a THEV infection using bulk RNA-sequencing. Methods: After infecting a turkey B-cell line with the vaccine strain, samples in triplicates were collected at 4-, 12-, 24-, and 72-hours post-infection (hpi). Total RNA was extracted, and poly-Adenylated-tailed mRNAs were sequenced. Reads were mapped to the host turkey genome after trimming and gene expression was quantified with StringTie. Differential gene expression was performed with DESeq2 followed by functional enrichment analysis with gprofiler2 and DAVID from NCBI. RT-qPCR of select genes was performed to validate the RNA-sequencing data. Results: A total of 2,343 and 3,295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 hpi and 24 hpi, respectively. At 12 hpi, 1,079 genes were upregulated and 1,264 genes downregulated, whereas 1,512 genes were upregulated and 1,783 genes downregulated at 24 hpi. The DEGs contributed to multiple biological processes including apoptosis, ER unfolded protein response, and cell maintenance. Multiple pro-apoptotic genes, including APAF1, BNIP3L, BMF, BAK1, RIPK1, and FAS were upregulated. Genes that play a role in ER stress-induced unfolded protein response including VCP, UFD1, EDEM1, EDEM3, and ATF4 were also upregulated and may contribute to apoptosis. Conclusions: Our data suggest that several biological processes and pathways including apoptosis, immune response, ER response to stress, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, and repression of essential cellular maintenance are important aspects of the host cell response to THEV infection. It is possible that interplay between multiple processes may mediate apoptosis of infected B-cells, leading to IMS.
2025-04-01 | GSE286211 | GEO
Project description:Characterizing the Transcriptome of Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus
| PRJNA1070351 | ENA
Project description:Characterizing the splice map of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV) is an essential step that would allow studies of individual genes mediating its immunosuppressive functions. We used an RNA-sequencing experiment to characterize the transcriptome of THEV for the first time, providing key insight into the THEV gene expression and mRNA structures. Researchers previously annotated the genome of THEV as encoding 23 open reading frames (ORFs). In this work we identified 29 spliced transcripts all of which consisted of novel exons although some exons matched some previously annotated ORFs. The three annotated splice junctions were also corroborated by our data. We performed PCR amplification of THEV cDNA, cloned the PCR products, and used Sanger sequencing to validate all identified splice junctions. During validation we identified five additional unique transcripts, a subset of which were further validated by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3' RACE) experiments. Thus, we report that the genome of THEV contains 34 transcripts with the coding capacity for all annotated ORFs. However, we found six of the previously annotated ORFs (ORF1, E3, 33K, ORF8, IVa2, and protease) to be truncated ORFs on the basis of the identification of an in-frame upstream start codon or the detection of additional coding exons. We also identified three of the annotated ORFs with longer or shorter isoforms, and seven novel unannotated ORFs that could potentially be translated; although it is beyond the scope of this manuscript to investigate whether they are translated. Similar to other adenoviruses (AdVs), THEV also produces multiple distinctly spliced transcripts that code for the same proteins across its genome. Our data show that all THEV transcripts are spliced and organized into five transcription units under the control of their cognate promoters like other AdVs.
2024-07-30 | GSE254416 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundHemorrhagic enteritis, caused by Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV), is a disease affecting turkey poults characterized by immunosuppression and bloody diarrhea. An avirulent THEV strain that retains the immunosuppressive ability is used as a live vaccine. Characterizing the splice map of THEV is an essential step that would allow studies of individual genes mediating its immunosuppressive functions. We used RNA sequencing to characterize the splice map of THEV for the first time, providing key insights into the THEV gene expression and mRNA structures.MethodsAfter infecting a turkey B-cell line with the vaccine strain, samples in triplicates were collected at 4-, 12-, 24-, and 72-hours post-infection. Total RNA was extracted, and poly-A-tailed mRNA sequenced. Reads were mapped to the THEV genome after trimming and transcripts assembled with StringTie. We performed PCR of THEV cDNA, cloned the PCR products, and used Sanger sequencing to validate all identified splice junctions.ResultsResearchers previously annotated the THEV genome as encoding 23 open reading frames (ORFs). We identified 29 spliced transcripts from our RNA sequencing data, all containing novel exons although some exons matched some previously annotated ORFs. The three annotated splice junctions were also corroborated by our data. During validation we identified five additional unique transcripts, a subset of which were further validated by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3' RACE). Thus, we report that the genome of THEV contains 34 transcripts with the coding capacity for all annotated ORFs. However, we found six of the previously annotated ORFs to be truncated ORFs on the basis of the identification of an in-frame upstream start codon or the detection of additional coding exons. We also identified three of the annotated ORFs with longer or shorter isoforms, and seven novel unannotated ORFs that could potentially be translated; although it is beyond the scope of this manuscript to investigate whether they are translated.ConclusionsSimilar to human adenoviruses, all THEV transcripts are spliced and organized into five transcription units under the control of their cognate promoters. The genes are expressed under temporal regulation and THEV also produces multiple distinctly spliced transcripts that code for the same protein. Studies of the newly identified potential proteins should be urgently performed as these proteins may have roles in THEV-induced immunosuppression. Also, knowing the splicing of THEV genes should be invaluable to future research focusing on studying THEV genes, as this will allow accurate cloning of the mRNAs.
| S-EPMC11304566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The success of turkey breeding for rapid growth rate and larger breast size has coincided with an increasing incidence of a meat quality defect described as pale, soft and exudative (PSE). We hypothesized that this defect, which is associated with an abnormally rapid rate of postmortem metabolism, derives from altered expression of genes involved in metabolic regulation. Our objective was to use deep transcriptome RNA sequence analysis (RNAseq) to identify differentially expressed genes between normal and PSE turkey breasts. Following harvest of turkey breasts (n = 43), the pH at 15 min post-slaughter and percent marinade uptake at 24h post-slaughter were determined. Breast samples were classified as normal or PSE based on marinade uptake (high = normal; low = PSE). Total RNA from samples with the highest (n=4) and lowest (n=4) marinade uptake were isolated and sequenced using the Illumina GAIIX platform. Of 21,340 gene loci discovered by RNAseq, 8480 loci completely matched the turkey reference genome, and 480 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate, FDR<0.05) between normal and PSE samples. Two highlights were the genes nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), upregulated about 38-fold and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4), downregulated 14-fold in PSE samples. Pathway analysis suggested that several biological functions, including carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, were affected by meat quality. Because PDK4 regulates conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, differences in regulation of oxidative metabolism may exist among turkeys. Accelerated early postmortem metabolism would result in faster pH decline in PSE meat. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that decreased expression of PDK4 was associated with lower pH in PSE samples (pH[PSE] = 5.59M-BM-10.09, pH[normal] = 5.77M-BM-10.17). The RNAseq results provided a greater molecular mechanistic understanding of development of PSE turkey, which will be a foundation for new intervention strategies to prevent development of this defect. The mRNA profiles of normal and PSE turkey breast muscle were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina GAIIx platform. Multiplexing was performed (2 samples/lane). Afterwards, difference in gene expression between normal and PSE samples were tested.
2014-01-27 | E-GEOD-37176 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colon tissue of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) versus patients with chronic enteritis using proteomic techniques, and to investigate the functions of the DEPs and the relationship between AS and chronic enteritis.
2024-12-03 | PXD032159 | Pride
Project description:The success of turkey breeding for rapid growth rate and larger breast size has coincided with an increasing incidence of a meat quality defect described as pale, soft and exudative (PSE). We hypothesized that this defect, which is associated with an abnormally rapid rate of postmortem metabolism, derives from altered expression of genes involved in metabolic regulation. Our objective was to use deep transcriptome RNA sequence analysis (RNAseq) to identify differentially expressed genes between normal and PSE turkey breasts. Following harvest of turkey breasts (n = 43), the pH at 15 min post-slaughter and percent marinade uptake at 24h post-slaughter were determined. Breast samples were classified as normal or PSE based on marinade uptake (high = normal; low = PSE). Total RNA from samples with the highest (n=4) and lowest (n=4) marinade uptake were isolated and sequenced using the Illumina GAIIX platform. Of 21,340 gene loci discovered by RNAseq, 8480 loci completely matched the turkey reference genome, and 480 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate, FDR<0.05) between normal and PSE samples. Two highlights were the genes nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), upregulated about 38-fold and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4), downregulated 14-fold in PSE samples. Pathway analysis suggested that several biological functions, including carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, were affected by meat quality. Because PDK4 regulates conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, differences in regulation of oxidative metabolism may exist among turkeys. Accelerated early postmortem metabolism would result in faster pH decline in PSE meat. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that decreased expression of PDK4 was associated with lower pH in PSE samples (pH[PSE] = 5.59±0.09, pH[normal] = 5.77±0.17). The RNAseq results provided a greater molecular mechanistic understanding of development of PSE turkey, which will be a foundation for new intervention strategies to prevent development of this defect.
2014-01-27 | GSE37176 | GEO
Project description:Cluster analysis using nonlinear dimensionality reduction ([tSNE]) revealed the differences in global gene expression profiles of healthy and injured striatum, and identified clusters of cells with unique genetic signatures in both ischemic brain and hemorrhagic brain. Genes with p-value < 0.05 and fold change ≥1.5 were regarded as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For astrocytes, 135 DEGs were downregulated in hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke. The secondary profiling of astrocytic subtypes yielded 10 different subtypes with distinct functional cell identities. For microglia, tSNE map indicated the distribution and proportion of microglia/macrophage were very similar in in the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models. We obtained 75 DEGs in total (hemorrhagic stroke vs. ischemic stroke, 54 were upregulated, 21 were downregulated) .
2021-10-31 | GSE167593 | GEO
Project description:Turkey embryos are very sensitive to perturbations in energy metabolism because they have a wider hatching window than chicken embryos. Mortality of turkey embryos during late-term incubation is high relative to chickens, and many surviving hatchlings have compromised vitality. Intestinal maturation at hatch is also crucial to survival and post-hatch performance. The study of poultry embryo metabolism during the last stages of incubation is difficult due to many shifts and changes that occur in preparation for hatching. Microarray technology is suitable to study complex biological systems like avian late-term embryonic development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to create a customized focused oligonucleotide microarray based on chicken genome sequences that could be used to study late-term avian metabolism and intestinal maturation, and use this array to survey turkey embryos gene expression from 20 days of incubation until hatch. The key features of this microarray are that all genes present have been annotated and gene spot replication (4) within each array chip. Microarray analysis was performed on liver, pectoral muscle, hatching muscle, and duodenum Keywords: time course, embryo development
2008-01-31 | GSE9474 | GEO