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Unraveling the regulatory development and molecular mechanisms of identical sea urchin twins

ABSTRACT: Unraveling the regulatory development and molecular mechanisms of identical sea urchin twins

PROVIDER: PRJNA1221861 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Unraveling the regulatory development and molecular mechanisms of identical sea urchin twins

Project description:Since Hans Driesch’s pioneering work in 1891, it has been known that animal embryos can develop into complete individuals even when divided1–6. However, the developmental processes and molecular mechanisms enabling this self-organization remain poorly understood. In this study, we revisit Driesch’s experiments by examining the development of isolated 2-cell stage blastomeres in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Contrary to intact embryos, these isolated blastomeres initially form a flat, single layer of dividing cells that eventually round up to be a blastula. Live imaging and knockdown experiments reveal that actomyosin activity at the basal side of the cells and septate junctions drive this process. Intriguingly, we observed temporal disorganization of the anterior-posterior (A-P) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes, where the original A-P poles come into contact after sphere shape formation. The disrupted A-P axis is subsequently corrected as the embryos employ the Wnt/β-catenin signaling mechanisms assumed to be used in intact embryos to re-establish a normal axis. These findings suggest that axis re-organization through pre-existing developmental mechanisms is essential for the successful regulative development of divided embryos.

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Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of blood samples from eight female identical twins of Han Chinese for forensic age prediction, age 21 to 32. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles across approximately 485,000 CpGs at a single-nucleotide resolution. Samples included 8 pairs of identical female twins of Han Chinese.

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Project description:Objective: To characterize miRNAs in 41-year archived plasma in relation to life expectancy independent of genes. Method: Plasma miRNAs from nine identical male twins were profiled using next-generation sequencing. Results: The average absolute difference in the minimum life expectancy was 9.68 years. Intra-class correlation coefficients were above 0.4 for 50% of miRNAs. Comparing deceased twins with their alive co-twin brothers, the concentrations were increased for 34 but decreased for 30 miRNAs. Conclusion: Identical twins discordant in life expectancy were unlike in the majority of miRNAs, suggesting that environmental factors are pivotal in miRNAs related to life expectancy.

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