Hypothalamic PNOC/NPY neurons constitute mediators of leptin-controlled energy homeostasis
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1238345 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
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| SRR32776474_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR32776474_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR32776475_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR32776475_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR32776476_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:We show that leptin regulates appetite and body weight via PNOC neurons, and that loss of leptin receptor expression in PNOC-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) causes hyperphagia and obesity. Lepr inactivation in PNOC neurons increases Npy expression in a subset of hypothalamic PNOC neurons that do not express Agrp and selective chemogenetic activation of PNOC/NPY neurons promotes feeding to the same extent as activating all PNOCARC neurons and overexpression of Npy in PNOCARC neurons promotes hyperphagia and obesity. Thus, we introduce PNOC/NPYARC neurons as an additional critical mediator of leptin action and a promising target for obesity therapeutics.
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Project description:Pre- and postnatal calorie restriction is associated with postnatal growth restriction, reduced circulating leptin concentrations and perturbed energy balance. Hypothalamic regulation of energy balance demonstrates enhanced orexigenic (NPY, AgRP) and diminished anorexigenic (POMC, CART) neuropeptide expression (PN21) setting the stage for subsequent development of obesity. Leptin replenishment during the early postnatal period (PN2-PN8) led to reversing the hypothalamic orexigenic:anorexigenic neuropeptide ratio at PN21 by only reducing the orexigenic (NPY, AgRP) without affecting the anorexigenic (POMC, CART) neuropeptide expression. This hypothalamic effect was mediated via enhanced leptin receptor (ObRb) signaling that involved increased pSTAT3 but reduced PTP1B. This was further confirmed by an increase in body weight at PN21 in response to intracerebroventricular administration of antisense ObRb oligonucleotides (PN2-PN8). The change in the hypothalamic neuropeptide balance in response to leptin administration caused increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and physical activity which resulted in increased milk intake (PN14) with no change in body weight. This is in contrast to the reduction in milk intake with no effect on energy expenditure and physical activity observed in controls. We conclude that pre- and postnatal calorie restriction perturbs hypothalamic neuropeptide regulation of energy balance setting the stage for hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure, hallmarks of obesity. Leptin in turn reverses this phenotype by increasing hypothalamic ObRb signaling (sensitivity) and affecting only the orexigenic arm of the neuropeptide balance.
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Project description:Purpose: 1. Bulk-RNA-Seq was performed to identify tancytye-enriched genes. 2. scRNA-Seq was performed to profile hypothalamic cells following leptin treatment Conclusions: Leptin receptor expression in tanycytes is either absent or undetectably low, that tanycytes do not directly regulate hypothalamic leptin signaling, and that leptin regulates gene expression in diverse hypothalamic cell types through both direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Project description:Microarrays were used to examine gene expression changes between two hypothalamic cell lines derived from adult and embryonic tissues. Both cell lines endogenously express the protein Npy (neuropeptide y) which is involved in feeding and reproductive processes. Results identify novel gene candidates that are implicated in the development of hypothalamic sub-poplulations. Immortalized hypothalamic cell lines were created by overexpression of SV40 T-antigen from tissue sources derived from both embryonic and adult mice. Triplicate plates of each cell line were grown to 70% confluence and RNA was harvested for microarray analysis.
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Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
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Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
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Project description:Microarrays were used to examine gene expression changes between two hypothalamic cell lines derived from adult and embryonic tissues. Both cell lines endogenously express the protein Npy (neuropeptide y) which is involved in feeding and reproductive processes. Results identify novel gene candidates that are implicated in the development of hypothalamic sub-poplulations.
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Project description:Modulating leptin sensitivity in hypothalamic neurons is critical for metabolic regulation and plays a key role in the development of obesity. This study examines the effects of three distinct approaches—leptin exposure (LEPA), leptin antagonist administration (LANTA), and palmitate treatment (PA)—on adult-derived mHypoA-2/12 neurons. Transcriptomic analysis using 3' mRNA-Seq revealed significant downregulation of several pathways, including the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. These pathways are closely linked to neuroinflammatory processes, suggesting that modulating leptin sensitivity may influence inflammation in the hypothalamus. The observed downregulation indicates a complex interaction between leptin signaling and cellular stress responses, which may represent an adaptive mechanism to prolonged exposure to leptin or fatty acids. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for gaining insight into how neuroinflammation contributes to the development of leptin resistance and related metabolic disorders.
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Project description:Obesity occurs when energy expenditure is outweighed by food intake. Tuberal hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH), regulate feeding amount as well as energy expenditure. Here we report that mice lacking circadian nuclear receptors REV-ERBa and b in the tuberal hypothalamus (HDKO) gain excessive weight on an obesogenic diet due both to decreased energy expenditure and increased food consumption during the light phase. Moreover, rebound food intake after fasting is markedly increased in HDKO mice. Integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses revealed that such disruption in feeding behavior is due to perturbed REV-ERB-dependent leptin signaling in the ARC. Indeed, in vivo leptin sensitivity is impaired in HDKO mice on an obesogenic diet in a circadian manner. Thus, REV-ERBs play a crucial role in hypothalamic regulation of food intake and circadian leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.
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