Identification and regulation of circulating tumor TCR-matched cytotoxic CD4+ lymphocytes by KLRG1 in bladder cancer
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1246607 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:While cytotoxic CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have anti-cancer activity in patients, whether these can be non-invasively monitored and how these are regulated remains obscure. By matching single cells with T cell receptors (TCR) in tumor and blood of bladder cancer patients, we identified distinct pools of tumor-matching cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the periphery directly reflecting the predominant antigenic specificities of intratumoral CD4+ TILs. On one hand, the granzyme B (GZMB)-expressing cytotoxic CD4+ subset proliferated in blood in response to PD-1 blockade, but was separately regulated by the killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) which inhibited their killing by interacting with E-cadherin. Conversely, a clonally related, granzyme K (GZMK)-expressing circulating CD4+ population demonstrated basal proliferation and a memory phenotype that may result from activation of GZMB+ cells, but was not directly mobilized by PD-1 blockade. As KLRG1 marked the majority of circulating tumor TCR-matched cytotoxic CD4+ T cells, this work nominates KLRG1 as a means to isolate them from blood and provide a window into intratumoral CD4+ recognition, as well as a putative regulatory receptor to mobilize the cytolytic GZMB+ subset for therapeutic benefit. Our findings also underscore the ontogenic relationship of GZMB- and GZMK-expressing populations and the distinct cues that regulate their activity.
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Project description:Neoantigen-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a vital role in precise cancer cell elimination. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of personalized neoantigen-based T cell therapy in inducing tumor regression in two patients suffering from heavily-burdened metastatic ovarian cancer. Our approach involved the development of a robust pipeline for ex vivo expansion of neoantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. Neoantigen peptides were designed and synthesized based on the somatic mutations of the tumors and their predicted HLA binding affinities. These peptides were then presented to T lymphocytes through co-culture with neoantigen-loaded dendritic cells for ex vivo expansion. Subsequent to cell therapy, both patients exhibited significant reductions in tumor marker levels and experienced substantial tumor regression. One patient achieved repeated cancer regression through infusions of T cell products generated from newly identified neoantigens. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a remarkable increase in neoantigen-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the patients following cell therapy. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressed polyclonal T cell receptors (TCR) against neoantigens, along with abundant cytotoxic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The efficacy of neoantigen targeting was significantly associated with the immunogenicity and TCR polyclonality. Notably, the neoantigen-specific TCR clonotypes persisted in the peripheral blood after cell therapy. Our findings indicate that personalized neoantigen-based T cell therapy triggers cytotoxic lymphocytes expressing polyclonal TCR against ovarian cancer, suggesting its promising potential in cancer immunotherapy.
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Project description:The cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes is particularly dependent on the regulated and polarised delivery of lytic granules to infected or malignant cells. Although genetic and mechanistic studies have identified a number of factors that regulate exocytosis in cytotoxic lymphocytes, a systematic mapping of the relevant factors and their relationships is lacking. Here, using a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen in human natural killer cells, we characterise a complex genetic network regulating cytotoxic granule exocytosis, with lipid metabolism and protein lipidation among the most prominent pathways. By combining global protein lipidation and membrane lipid composition studies, we further uncover the critical role of ZDHHC17 in SNAP23 palmitoylation and targeting of palmitoylated SNAP23 to the membrane for cytotoxic granule fusion and release. Using ODYA-17 labelling of Ctrl and sgZDHHC17 NK-92 cells followed by pulldown and proteomic analysis, we investigated the palmitoylome of the NK-92 model cell line. By comparing the abundance of ODYA-17 labelled proteins in the lysates of Ctrl and sgZDHHC17 NK-92 cells, we defined the molecules that depend on the activity of the palmitoyl transferase ZDHHC17.
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Project description:Effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for ridding the body of infected or cancerous cells. Recognition of an antigenic ligand by the CTL’s T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a signalling cascade that ultimately results in the targeted release of cytolytic granules and/or secretion of cytokines and chemokines to alert and recruit additional immune cells. These signalling cascades are capable of initiating transcription, translation, and cytoskeletal rearrangements. While previous work has demonstrated how translation and intracellular reorganisation contribute to CTL effector responses, the role of transcription is less well studied. To address this, we examined the impact of blocking transcription on the CTL proteome during TCR stimulation. These data demonstrated a strong transcriptional requirement for expression of cytokines and chemokines but not cytolytic molecules. Together with functional studies, these data reveal differential molecular control of the cell-cell communication and cytolytic functions of effector CTLs. CTLs exhibit complete and persistent priming for cytolytic activity prior to target cell encounter, but they require de novo transcription to recruit additional immune cells that amplify the response.
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