Molecular and Mechanical Signatures Contributing to Epidermal Differentiation and Barrier Formation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1256298 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR33335240_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33335240_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33335241_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33335241_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33335242_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Formation of the skin barrier requires rapid proliferation coupled with differentiation and stratification of the embryonic epidermis. Basal progenitors give rise to progeny throughout development – first to intermediate cells, a transient proliferative suprabasal cell population, and later to spinous cells. Neither the function nor the differentiation trajectory of intermediate cells has been documented. We generated transcriptomes of intermediate and spinous cells and identified specific markers that distinguish these two populations. Further, we found that intermediate cells express a subset of genes in common with granular cells of the epidermis – the terminal living cell type that helps establish the barrier. Lineage tracing revealed that most intermediate cells directly transition to granular cells without expressing markers specific to spinous cells, thus revealing a distinct lineage pathway leading to granular fate. In addition to their transcriptional similarities, intermediate and granular cells both had hallmarks of increased actomyosin contractility. We found that rather than simply lying downstream of cell fate pathways, contractility was sufficient to suppress spinous fate and promote granular gene expression. Together, these data establish the molecular and mechanical characteristics of the developing epidermis that allow this tissue to rapidly develop barrier activity.
2025-05-01 | GSE295753 | GEO
Project description:An animal’s skin provides a first point of contact with the sensory environment, including noxious cues that elicit protective behavioral responses. Nociceptive somatosensory neurons densely innervate and intimately interact with epidermal cells to receive these cues, however the mechanisms by which epidermal interactions shape processing of noxious inputs is still poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells in tuning sensitivity of Drosophila larvae to noxious mechanical stimuli. In wild-type larvae, dendrites of nociceptive class IV da neurons intercalate between epidermal cells at apodemes, which function as body wall muscle attachment sites, but not at other sites in the epidermis. From a genetic screen we identified miR-14 as a regulator of dendrite positioning in the epidermis: miR-14 is expressed broadly in the epidermis but not in apodemes, and miR-14 inactivation leads to excessive apical dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells. We found that miR-14 regulates expression and distribution of the epidermal Innexins ogre and Inx2 and that these epidermal gap junction proteins restrict epidermal dendrite intercalation. Finally, we found that altering the extent of epidermal dendrite intercalation had corresponding effects on nociception: increasing epidermal intercalation sensitized larvae to noxious mechanical inputs and increased mechanically evoked calcium responses in nociceptive neurons, whereas reducing epidermal dendrite intercalation had the opposite effects. Altogether, these studies identify epidermal dendrite intercalation as a mechanism for mechanical coupling of nociceptive neurons to the epidermis, with nociceptive sensitivity tuned by the extent of intercalation.
2024-03-31 | GSE262604 | GEO
Project description:The renewing human epidermis constantly senses and adapts to a wide range of mechanical cues that are ubiquitous throughout life. The mechanisms of how mechanical forces are responded by interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFESCs) and are transmitted directly into nucleus to modify gene expression remain incompletely defined. In vitro, human IFESCs were cultured on the collagen I coated silicon rubber membrane and then subjected to the mechanical stretched. Cyclic mechanical tension at 0.5 Hz sinusoidal curve at 10% elongation was applied using an FX-5000T™ Flexercell® Tension Plus™ unit (Flexcell International Corporation). In mechanical unloading groups, cells were cultured on the same plates in the same incubator with the mechanical stretched groups but not subjected to stretch. Combining genome-wide microarray and functional analyses, we made transcriptome analysis of samples from the mechanical unstretched or stretched isolated human IFESCs.
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Project description:The epidermis of plants forms a protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stress. Little is known about how breaches in the epidermis are repaired, especially those of mature leaves. Here, we investigated wound healing in the mature leaves of Arabidopsis. We discover a novel wound protection mechanism comprising a multi-layered ligno-suberized barrier covered with cuticular wax. This barrier is formed by mesophyll cells that adopt an epidermal fate. This cell fate transition is regulated in two steps by ATML1, a key transcription factor in epidermal specification. First, mesophyll cells of protective layer 1 (P1), just beneath the wound, transition into epidermal cells, sealing the wound by depositing cuticle, a mechanism that involves signaling through ethylene and reactive oxygen species produced by RBOHE. This signaling also promotes P1 cell death, ensuring wax accumulation on the surface. Second, the underlying protective layer 2 (P2) undergoes ligno-suberization, driven by jasmonic acid and RBOHD, forming a cork-like layer on the leaf surface. ATML1 regulates this process in P2 as well. Thus, wound healing in mature leaves involves integration of ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling with ATML1-mediated epidermal cell specification to coordinate cell layer-specific functions, including cuticular wax formation and ligno-suberization. This novel protective mechanism also occurs in the leaves of tobacco and Capsella, suggesting it is widespread.
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Project description:The renewing human epidermis constantly senses and adapts to a wide range of mechanical cues that are ubiquitous throughout life. The mechanisms of how mechanical forces are responded by interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFESCs) and are transmitted directly into nucleus to modify gene expression was discovered to be mediated by transcriptional coactivators YAP. Interestingly, YAP, a critical modulator in controlling organ size by regulating both cell proliferation and apoptosis, was also found to induce self-renewal or amplification of epidermal progenitor/stem cells, and balance epidermal growth and differentiation. Because growth regulation imposed by different stimuli is achieved through distinct YAP target genes even in a single cell type. This study used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with human promoter tiling microarray analysis (ChIP-on-chip) to profile YAP at promoters genome-wide. The goal of the study was to identify the target genes occupied by YAP in IFESCs under the mechanical stretch condition.
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Project description:Structural adaptations of epidermal stem cells to mechanical stress
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Project description:Epidermal barrier repair mechanisms activated in psoriasis lesions are likely involved in limiting the severity of this disease. We show that loss of grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3), a pro-terminal differentiation factor in the epidermis, is sufficient to trigger greater sensitivity to and delayed resolution of epidermal lesions resulting from either physical or immune mediated barrier injury. After stimulation of Toll like receptors, the loss of Grhl3 resulted in increased epidermal damage with a striking increase in basal cell proliferation, hyperplasia of partially differentiated suprabasal layers, and a transcriptional profile highlighted by the overexpression of epidermal wound response and alarmin genes. This study reveals an important role for the epidermis in the initiation and recovery from immune-mediated lesions, and indicated that the epidermal regulator Grhl3 acts to both suppress disease initiation and resolve existing lesions. This work suggests that treatments focused on improving barrier function could be used preventatively and therapeutically in psoriasis. Whole skin was collected from E16.5 mouse backskins for Grhl3 ChIP. Adult epidermis for depilation and imiquimod experiments was seperated from dermis using dispase prior to Grhl3 ChIP.
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Project description:Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is crucial for formation of epidermal permeability barrier and ceramide production, while mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1), a coactivator of VDR, mediates the action of VDR. VDR deficiency compromises epidermal permeability barrier in mice. Hence, we are investigating the dual role of VDR and Med1 in epidermal permeability barrier. Mice with VDR and Med1 specifically deleted in Keratin 14 expressing keratinocytes (DKO) by Cre-lox strategy are utilized. The mice with both floxed VDR and Med1 but no Cre serve as control. The data showed here that knockouts of both VDR and Med1 enhanced epidermal permeability barrier in mice, accompanied by increased expression levels of mRNA for keratinocyte differentiation marker-related proteins, fatty acid and ceramide productions, which all are required for formation of epidermal permeability barrier. Moreover, expression levels of mRNA for ceramide transporter (ABCA12) were also elevated in DKO mice vs. knockout of either VDR or Med1 alone. Collectively, these results demonstrate that knockouts of both VDR and Med1 enhance epidermal permeability barrier function via upregulating expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation marker-related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes, suggesting additional signaling pathway(s) involve regulatory role of VDR/Med1 in epidermal function.
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Project description:The epidermal barrier protects the body against mechanical injury, infection and dehydration. The respective contribution of type I and type II keratins which form the major cytoskeleton in epidermal keratinocytes in barrier formation and stress protection is incompletely understood. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism by which keratins control anti-oxidant responses through barrier-dependent and cell-autonomous mechanisms. Mice lacking the entire type I (KtyI) or type II (KtyII) keratin gene clusters suffer from distinct prenatal barrier defects. Comparative transcriptome profiling identifies essential cornified envelope components and reveals strong upregulation of the bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 in situ. Isolated keratinocytes from both strains of mice show elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption and Nrf2 activity, decreased upon keratin re-expression. We propose a model in which keratins control mitochondria-derived oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation. Our findings reveal major contributions of keratins to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Total RNA obtained from E18.5 embryo back skin from typeI and II keratin knockout compared with respective wild type.
2016-03-26 | E-GEOD-79590 | biostudies-arrayexpress