Project description:Seedlings grown from seeds from open-pollinated mother trees of genotype UF12 were grown and at two months of age used to analyze response to treatment with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum theobromicola and the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora.
Project description:Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromeric sequences are diverse and usually repetitive across species, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in the model oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P. sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus in the nucleus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report a highly contiguous genome assembly of the P. sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 highly enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on 10 intact regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P. sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the euchromatin mark H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3.
Project description:Lima bean is an important vegetable processing crop to the Mid-Atlantic U.S. and is highly susceptible to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora phaseoli, which causes downy mildew. P. phaseoli resides in the same clade with the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Genetic resistance and fungicides are used to manage P. phaseoli and often fail. Currently there are no molecular data on this pathosystem. To rectify this situation and determine virulence mechanisms in P. phaseoli we performed a whole-transcriptome analysis using Illumina mRNA-Seq. Six libraries were generated and compared, plate-grown and plant-grown. Our data were normalized and were matched to the P. infestans gene models to obtain the abundance of the sequence reads. This resulted in 10,427 P. phaseoli genes with homology to P. infestans and with expression in either one of the libraries. Upon closer examination, 318 P. phaseoli-homologs matched either known or putative virulence genes in P. infestans. We present data from the whole transcriptome as well as specifically chosen genes from this set of 318. Interestingly, in six libraries from P. phaseoli we found a commonly expressed gene set of 66 out of 563 predicted RXLR genes in P. infestans. The majority of the differentially expressed RxLR and elicitin-like were up-regulated in planta, while the reverse was true for crinkler homologs. These results are discussed with respect to possible pathogenicity mechanisms in P. phaseoli and how they compare to P. infestans. Examination of 3 different conditions of Phytophthora phaseoli