Age-associated changes in the shell gland transcriptomics and eggshell quality of broiler breeder hens
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1257812 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR33397000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33397000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33397001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33397001_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33397002_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The egg production cycle of broiler breeder hens is comparatively shorter than laying hens, and as they age, their egg production and eggshell quality decline. The eggshell formation occurs in the shell glands, which are influenced by several factors, including aging. The objectives of the study were to 1) identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological pathways in the shell glands (young vs aged) and 2) determine the age-associated changes in eggshell quality. The shell glands tissues were collected from broiler breeder hens at peak-lay (35 weeks of age; termed as “young”) and late-lay phases (50 weeks of age; termed as “aged”) (n=30/group) at 10-15 hours post-ovulation (unclassified egg present in the shell glands). To delineate the genes and biological pathways associated with eggshell biomineralization, total RNAs extracted from the shell glands of young and aged hens (n=6/group) were analyzed using RNA sequencing and validated using real-time PCR. The ultrastructure quality of eggshells (n=10 eggs/group) was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the elemental composition of eggshells was measured using SEM-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, and their variability was confirmed by t-test in RStudio. Eggshell strength, thickness, palisade layer, and mammillary width were significantly higher in the young, while mammillary knobs were wider in aged hens (p<0.05). The sulfur and potassium levels in eggshells were higher in young hens than aged ones. Although the young group had a higher calcium concentration in the eggshells, the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). RNA-Seq data identified highly upregulated genes specific to eggshell biomineralization, such as SPP1 (binds to hydroxyapatite), OTOP2 (maintains high conc. of cytosolic Ca2+), PKD2 (helps in releasing Ca2+), SLC22A15 (transports organic ions), and STAB2 (binds to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria). The DEGs showed significant enrichment for biological pathways (SLC6A6, KCNK7, UCP3, SCNN1A, PKD2, OTOP2) associated with the transport of monoatomic and inorganic cations across the cell membrane, molecular functions related to the transport of potassium ions and the activity of monoatomic cation channels (KCNK7, PKD2, OTOP2), and the cellular components involved in the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (CALR, PKD2). These findings suggest that the aging process downregulates the transcriptomes of the shell glands, negatively impacting the transportation of ions required for eggshell formation, resulting in poor eggshell quality.
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Project description:Broiler chicken production is crucial to meet the increasing global food demand. Hyperphagic and obese broiler breeder hens have a short production cycle, which is challenged by age-associated egg quality and fertility decline, affecting hatchability. A fertilized egg is a comprehensive set of essential elements to nurture and develop a healthy chick. Egg albumin occupies most of the egg content, which is synthesized and secreted by the magnum. The genetic regulation of albumin biosynthesis in broiler breeder hens and its alteration with age might reveal the genetic marker that will produce quality eggs in subsequent generations. Hence, the objective of the study is to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways involved in albumin biosynthesis in the magnum (young vs aged). The magnum tissues were collected from the broiler breeder hens at peak production, identified as the young group (35 weeks, N=30), and from the declined production, recognized as the aged group (50 weeks, N=30). Five samples from each group (n=5) were used for RNA sequencing and analyzed to get DEGs and associated pathways. The significantly upregulated genes with a putative function in quality egg formation were confirmed using qPCR. Seventy-five up-regulated and 52 down-regulated genes were determined. The top 20 most upregulated genes and top 20 most downregulated genes, based on their putative function, were categorized into five groups: egg white synthesizing (AMDHD1, FER, CTNNA3), molecular communication (VAPA), oviduct tissue regeneration (ADAM19, CFAP100, AMD1, TM4SF19, SLC39A13, VMO1), and defense (ZBTB46, STAM2, OVoDA3). “Post-translational protein phosphorylation” was the most significantly enriched Reactome pathway involving DNAJC3, PPP3CA, TF, SPARCL1, PDIA6, SGPP2, HSP90B1, and PNPLA2 genes. The study successfully identified DEGs, genetic networks, and pathways that can be used as genetic markers to select quality egg producing broiler breeder hens.
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