Project description:The current paper represents the fourth contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. The present paper focuses on two genera of microfungi, Camarosporium and Dothiora, which are respectively epi- and neotypified. The genus Camarosporium is typified by C. quaternatum, which has a karstenula-like sexual morph, and phoma-like synasexual morph. Furthermore, Camarosporomyces, Foliophoma and Hazslinszkyomyces are introduced as new camarosporium-like genera, while Querciphoma is introduced as a new phoma-like genus. Libertasomycetaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Libertasomyces and Neoplatysporoides. Dothiora, which is typified by D. pyrenophora, is shown to produce dothichiza- and hormonema-like synasexual morphs in culture, and D. cactacearum is introduced as a new species. In addition to their typification, ex-type cultures have been deposited in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (CBS Culture Collection), and species-specific DNA barcodes in GenBank. Authors interested in contributing accounts of individual genera to larger multi-authored papers in this series should contact the associate editors listed on the List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi.
Project description:Background: Ependymomas encompass multiple, clinically relevant tumor types based on localization and molecular profiles. Although tumors of the methylation class “spinal ependymoma” (SP-EPN) represent the most common intramedullary neoplasms in children and adults, their developmental origin is ill-defined, molecular data are scarce, and the potential heterogeneity within SP-EPN remains unexplored. The only known recurrent genetic events in SP-EPN are loss of chromosome 22q and NF2 mutations, but neither types and frequency of these alterations nor their clinical meaning have been described in a large, epigenetically defined series. Methods: We mapped SP-EPN transcriptomes (n=76) to developmental atlases of the developing and adult spinal cord to uncover potential developmental origins of these tumors. In addition, transcriptomic, epigenetic (n=234), genetic (n=140), and clinical analyses (n=115) were integrated for a detailed overview on this entity. Results: Integration of transcriptomic ependymoma data with single-cell atlases of the spinal cord identified mature adult ependymal cells to display highest similarities to SP-EPN. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of tumor data together with integrated analysis of methylation profiles identified two molecular SP-EPN subtypes. Subtype 1 predominantly contained NF2 wild type sequences with regular NF2 expression but revealed more extensive copy number alterations. Subtype 2 harbored previously known germline or sporadic NF2 mutations and was NF2-deficient in most cases, more often showed multilocular disease, and demonstrated a significantly reduced progression-free survival. Conclusion: Based on integrated molecular profiling of a large tumor series we identify two distinct SP-EPN subtypes with important implications for genetic counseling, patient surveillance, and drug development priorities.