Phosphorylated TLR3 nuclear translocation in cancer cell promotes metastasis and chemoresistance
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PROVIDER: PRJNA1272840 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Phosphorylated TLR3 nuclear translocation in cancer cell promotes metastasis and chemoresistance
2025-06-07 | PXD064767 |
Project description:Aberrant expression and subcellular location of innate sensors in cancer cells, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), correlates with pro-tumoral inflammation and cancer progression, but the mechanism is still largely unknown. Deciphering the proinflammatory mediators in tumor microenvironment will contribute to the development of cancer therapeutics. By using immunohistochemistry in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and multiple other cancer samples, here we found that cancer cell TLR3, a well-known cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor, translocated to the nucleus especially upon chemotherapy stress. Nuclear TLR3 increased the invasive and proliferative properties, and inhibited chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro. Meanwhile, mice bearing cancer cells with nuclear TLR3 exhibited increased liver metastasis and shortened survival. Mechanistically, phosphokinase JAK1 was responsible for TLR3 phosphorylation at S155 to induce its nuclear translocation in cooperation with a nuclear transport factor importin α5. Chemotherapeutic stress induced the aberrant aggregation of dsRNA in the nucleus, which potentially contributed to nuclear TLR3 activation. Then nuclear TLR3 recruited protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and bound to c-Myc to promote symmetrical dimethylation and multimerization of c-Myc, resulting in the activation of c-Myc downstream target genes and pro-tumoral signaling pathways. Accordingly, high levels of cancer cell nuclear TLR3 in clinical samples predicted patients’ worse prognosis with shorter disease-free survival, overall survival and poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, the identification of nuclear TLR3 provides new insight into non-classical functions of innate immune sensors in cancer, and JAK1/TLR3/PRMT5/c-Myc axis may sever as a new prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance.
2025-06-30 | GSE299145 | GEO
Project description:Chemoresistance and metastasis are the primary causes of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated that the metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 is upregulated in chemotherapy-treated and metastatic breast cancer samples. Mechanistically, the zymogen form of ADAMTS1 undergoes nuclear translocation via importin-dependent transport, where it cooperates with the SWI/SNF complex to activate a set of genes, including TBK1, STING, TRAF6, and MARCHF2, leading to STING ubiquitination and the non-classical cGAS-STING-NF-kB signaling activation, which in turn promotes chemoresistance and metastasis. Notably, long-term chemotherapy establishes a self-reinforcing loop by: (i) NF-kB/p65-mediated transcriptional induction of ADAMTS1, and (ii) MARCHF2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of FURIN, the protease responsible for ADAMTS1 maturation. This dual regulation results in nuclear accumulation of catalytically inactive ADAMTS1 zymogen. Clinical analyses have shown that high ADAMTS1 expression combined with low FURIN expression is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. These results reveal a key role for the zymogen ADAMTS1 in inducing tumor chemoresistance and metastasis in response to long-term chemotherapy stimulation, supporting the use of its inhibitor melatonin as a therapeutic strategy in combination with chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer.
2025-09-03 | GSE306824 | GEO
Project description:Chemoresistance and metastasis are the primary causes of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated that the metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 is upregulated in chemotherapy-treated and metastatic breast cancer samples. Mechanistically, the zymogen form of ADAMTS1 undergoes nuclear translocation via importin-dependent transport, where it cooperates with the SWI/SNF complex to activate a set of genes, including TBK1, STING, TRAF6, and MARCHF2, leading to STING ubiquitination and the non-classical cGAS-STING-NF-kB signaling activation, which in turn promotes chemoresistance and metastasis. Notably, long-term chemotherapy establishes a self-reinforcing loop by: (i) NF-kB/p65-mediated transcriptional induction of ADAMTS1, and (ii) MARCHF2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of FURIN, the protease responsible for ADAMTS1 maturation. This dual regulation results in nuclear accumulation of catalytically inactive ADAMTS1 zymogen. Clinical analyses have shown that high ADAMTS1 expression combined with low FURIN expression is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. These results reveal a key role for the zymogen ADAMTS1 in inducing tumor chemoresistance and metastasis in response to long-term chemotherapy stimulation, supporting the use of its inhibitor melatonin as a therapeutic strategy in combination with chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer.
2025-09-04 | GSE307248 | GEO
Project description:The objective of this study is to study the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent gene expression in human fibroblast cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) Fibroblast cells and PBMCs from donors with autosomal recessive (AR) complete TLR3 deficiency and autosomal dominant (AD) partial TLR3 deficiency were collected for microarray analysis to measure the transcriptional responsiveness of TLR3 in fibroblast and PBMCs. A total of 3 healthy controls, 1 AD TLR3-deficient patient, 1 AR TLR3-deficient patient, 1 AR UNC-93B-deficient patient, 1 MyD88 deficient patien were used in this study. The fibroblast cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). The PBMCs were cultured in RPMI medium complemented with 10% FCS. Different kinetics (2 hours and 8 hours) of poly(I:C) (25ug/ml, purchased from Amersham) stimulations were performed, aiming to define TLR3-inducible genes in these human cells. A stimulation of IL-1β (20ng/ml, purchased from R&D system Inc.) was used as a positive activation control with same kinetics of stimulations. A total of one million cells per stimulation were used for fibroblasts, and around 1.5 million cells per stimulation for PBMCs.
2011-11-02 | E-GEOD-30951 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:we assessed the impact of TLR3 L412F at endogenous cellular levels upon double stranded RNA (dsRNA) stimulation, by performing RNA-sequencing in primary fibroblasts from individuals homozygous for the ancestral allele (n =2) or homozygous for TLR3 L412F (n = 4) upon extracellular Poly(I:C) stimulation that activates the TLR3 pathway. The average response of TLR3 L412F homozygotes was significantly decreased (mean Δ log2 fold-change = 0.93; Wilcoxon p <10-16) compared to that of cells with the ancestral allele, approaching that of TLR3-deficient cells, used as negative control.
2023-01-13 | GSE216304 | GEO
Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadliest forms of cancer. Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL1), a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 protein family is associated with chemo-resistance in CRC. The ability of MCL1 to inhibit apoptosis by binding to the BH3 domains of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members is a well-studied means by which this protein confers resistance to multiple anti-cancer therapies. We found that specific DNA damaging chemotherapies promote nuclear MCL1 translocation in CRC models. In p53null CRC, this process is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the mechanism of which is distinct from the classical mitochondrial protection. We previously reported that MCL1 has a noncanonical chemoresistance capability, which requires a novel loop domain that is distinct from the BH3-binding domain associated with anti-apoptotic function. Herein we disclose that upon treatment with specific DNA-damaging chemotherapy, this loop domain binds directly to alpha-enolase which in turn binds to calmodulin; we further show these protein-protein interactions are critical in MCL1's nuclear import and chemoresistance. We additionally observed that in chemotherapy-treated p53-/- CRC models, MCL1 nuclear translocation confers sensitivity to Bcl-xL inhibitors, which has significant translational relevance given the co-expression of these proteins in CRC patient samples. Together these findings indicate that chemotherapy-induced MCL1 translocation represents a novel resistance mechanism in CRC, while also exposing an inherent and targetable Bcl-xL co-dependency in these cancers. The combination of chemotherapy and Bcl-xL inhibitors may thus represent a rational means of treating p53-/- CRC via exploitation of this unique MCL1-based chemoresistance mechanism.
| S-EPMC8766550 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of therapeutic resistance and metastatic dissemination takes place in 20-30% patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), resulting in poor survival. Hence, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms will help improve clinical outcome. We have identified a novel circRNA, circIPO7, as a promoter of metastasis and cisplatin chemoresistance in NPC cells. Expression profiling and Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing were performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.
2022-07-26 | GSE189459 | GEO
Project description:Reversible phosphorylation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) coordinates cellular responses to metabolic and other stresses. During nutrient replete and stressor-free conditions, phosphorylated TFEB is primarily localised to the cytoplasm. Stressor-mediated reduction of TFEB phosphorylation promotes its nuclear translocation and context-dependent transcriptional activity. In this study, we explored targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB as an approach to activate TFEB in the absence of nutrient deprivation or other cellular stress. Through an induction of proximity between TFEB and several phosphatases using the AdPhosphatase system, we demonstrate targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB in cells. Furthermore, by developing a heterobifunctional molecule BDPIC (bromoTAG-dTAG proximity-inducing chimera), we demonstrate targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB-dTAG through induced proximity to bromoTAG-PPP2CA. Targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB-dTAG by bromoTAG-PPP2CA with BDPIC at the endogenous levels is sufficient to induce nuclear translocation and some transcriptional activity of TFEB.
2024-08-09 | PXD053308 | Pride
Project description:Reversible phosphorylation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) coordinates cellular responses to metabolic and other stresses. During nutrient replete and stressor-free conditions, phosphorylated TFEB is primarily localised to the cytoplasm. Stressor-mediated reduction of TFEB phosphorylation promotes its nuclear translocation and context-dependent transcriptional activity. In this study, we explored targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB as an approach to activate TFEB in the absence of nutrient deprivation or other cellular stress. Through an induction of proximity between TFEB and several phosphatases using the AdPhosphatase system, we demonstrate targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB in cells. Furthermore, by developing a heterobifunctional molecule BDPIC (bromoTAG-dTAG proximity-inducing chimera), we demonstrate targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB-dTAG through induced proximity to bromoTAG-PPP2CA. Targeted dephosphorylation of TFEB-dTAG by bromoTAG-PPP2CA with BDPIC at the endogenous levels is sufficient to induce nuclear translocation and some transcriptional activity of TFEB.
2024-08-09 | PXD053311 | Pride