Project description:The neck gland, an exclusive gland found in male camels, has been proven to secrete an amber-colored fluid and volatile substances during the mating season, exhibiting the capability to induce estrus in female camels. In this study, data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics was utilized to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the neck gland tissue of male Bactrian camels
Project description:A collection of 1145 clones from an EST project on female tick salivary gland genes was hybridized on glass slides to RNA extracted from several feeding stages of adult female tick salivary glands, including unfed and replete, and from adult male ticks, either unfed or fed in the presence or absence of female ticks. In the female ticks, the early fed (<50 mg) and partially fed (30-200 mg) groups were very similar. The fast feeding (350-500 mg) and replete ticks were similar to each other, but different from the partially fed. The unfed ticks were more similar to the fast feeding – replete groups than the early fed-partially fed groups. In the males, there were differences between the males fed in the presence or absence of females, but overall, these groups were very similar. The unfed ticks were significantly different from the fed ticks. Males showed clear differences with females in expression, as well. The unfed females had high levels of genes involved in protein synthesis, while genes possibly involved in survival on the host, such as anticoagulants, seemed to be most expressed in the early and partially fed states. By contrast, in the males, the protein synthesis genes were expressed more in all three groups, while the putative secreted genes for survival were expressed less. Keywords: time course, effect of feeding, sex, effect of presence of females
2006-06-08 | GSE5010 | GEO
Project description:Microbe composition in Hyalomma anatolicum collected from livestock in the United Arab Emirates using next-generation sequencing
Project description:Background: Hyalomma asiaticum, which acts as a vector of zoonotic pathogens, relies on its innate immune system for defense. Methods: This study employed comparative transcriptomics to investigate defensin expression and immune pathway activation in ticks exposed to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Unfed adult female ticks were injected with bacteria, followed by RNA-Seq analysis after 24 h. Results: De novo assembly generated 195,132 unigenes. A total of 15 defensin genes were identified. Functional enrichment demonstrated pathogen-specific immune responses: E. coli challenge led to significant enrichment of the IMD pathway, while S. aureus stimulation resulted in enrichment of the Toll pathway. A shared response to both E. coli and S. aureus infection was the significant up-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway (P < 0.01). Key defensin isoforms showed significant differential up-regulation, up to 8-12-fold, suggesting functional diversification. Beyond direct antimicrobial activity, defensin-associated genes were enriched in apoptosis and oxidative stress responses. Conclusions: These findings reveal distinct signaling mechanisms underlying H. asiaticum antibacterial defense and highlight defensins as multifunctional effector molecules. This study offers a preliminary reference for comprehending immune mechanisms of H. asiaticum.
Project description:A collection of 1145 clones from an EST project on female tick salivary gland genes was hybridized on glass slides to RNA extracted from several feeding stages of adult female tick salivary glands, including unfed and replete, and from adult male ticks, either unfed or fed in the presence or absence of female ticks. In the female ticks, the early fed (<50 mg) and partially fed (30-200 mg) groups were very similar. The fast feeding (350-500 mg) and replete ticks were similar to each other, but different from the partially fed. The unfed ticks were more similar to the fast feeding â replete groups than the early fed-partially fed groups. In the males, there were differences between the males fed in the presence or absence of females, but overall, these groups were very similar. The unfed ticks were significantly different from the fed ticks. Males showed clear differences with females in expression, as well. The unfed females had high levels of genes involved in protein synthesis, while genes possibly involved in survival on the host, such as anticoagulants, seemed to be most expressed in the early and partially fed states. By contrast, in the males, the protein synthesis genes were expressed more in all three groups, while the putative secreted genes for survival were expressed less. Keywords: time course, effect of feeding, sex, effect of presence of females All samples were compared to the partially fed females. Females consisted of five groups: unfed, early fed, partially fed, fast feeding and replete. Four or five biological replicates were done of each, with the dyes used in both possible ways. In the males, three groups were used: unfed, feeding in the presence of females, and feeding in the absence of females. Two biological replicates were done of the feeding males, and one of extracts was hybridized twice for the males fed in the presence of females. Unfed males used one RNA sample, extracted from a large pool of ticks.