Fish community of Beibu Gulf, northern China
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1279007 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Large-scale harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur in the coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, China, and have deleterious effects on the marine ecosystem. The frequency, duration, and extent of HAB events in this region have increased over the last 30 years. However, the underlying causes of HABs and their likely future trends are unclear. To investigate, we evaluated historical data for temporal trends of HABs in the Beibu Gulf, and association with environmental factors as possible drivers. The results confirmed that HAB events had increased in frequency, from 6 reported events during the period 1985-2000, to 13 during 2001-2010, and 20 during 2011-2017. We also found that the geographic scale of algal blooms had increased from tens of km2 to hundreds of km2. There were temporal changes in HAB trigger species: prior to 2000, the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa was the dominant species, while during the period 2001-2010, blooms of cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and diatoms co-occurred, and during 2011-2017, the haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa became the dominant algal bloom species. Principal component analysis and variation partitioning analysis indicated that nutrient discharge, industrial development, and human activities were the key drivers of HAB events, and redundancy analysis showed that variation in the algal community tended to be driven by nutrient structure. Other factors, such as shipping activities and mariculture, also contributed to HAB events and algal succession, especially to P. globosa blooms. We speculated that the increasing severity of algal blooms in the northern Beibu Gulf reflects a more complex aquatic environment and highlights the damaging effects of anthropogenic inputs, urbanization development, and an expanding industrial marine-economy on the marine ecosystem. This research provides more insight into the increase of HABs and will aid their management in the Beibu Gulf.
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Project description:Marine invertebrates, such as oysters, were once thought to form large, panmictic populations with little genetic differentiation due to their high reproductive capacity and dual life stages. However, recent studies have shown significant genetic structuring and moderate gene flow across populations, influenced by factors like ocean currents, historical climate events, and environmental changes. The black-lip oyster (Saccostrea echinata), with its extensive dispersal potential, is ideal for population genetics studies. In current study, mitochondrial DNA (COI gene) was utilized to investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history of S. echinata in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and Beibu Gulf. Results revealed high genetic diversity with 82 haplotypes from 190 specimens, a star-shaped haplotype network, and significant genetic differentiation, with most variation occurring within populations. Genetic analysis identified three distinct genetic groups across the sampled regions. Historical demographic analysis indicated population expansion approximately 44-155 Kya after the Last Glacial Maximum. Genetic structure was shaped by historical climatic events causing isolation and secondary contact, as well as contemporary ocean currents influencing gene flow. The study highlights the complex interplay of genetic diversity, population structure, and historical dynamics in S. echinata, with implications for conservation and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Project description:Beibu Gulf is an important semi-enclosed bay located in the northwestern South China Sea, and is famous for its high bio-productivity and rich bio-diversity. The fast development along the Beibu Gulf Economical Rim has brought pressure to the environment, and algal blooms occurred frequently in the gulf. In this study, surface water samples and micro-plankton samples (20-200 μm) were collected in the northern Beibu Gulf coast. Diversity and distribution of eukaryotic planktonic microalgae were analyzed by both metabarcoding and microscopic analyses. Metabarcoding revealed much higher diversity and species richness of microalgae than morphological observation, especially for dinoflagellates. Metabarcoding detected 144 microalgal genera in 8 phyla, while microscopy only detected 40 genera in 2 phyla. The two methods revealed different microalgal community structures. Dinoflagellates dominated in microalgal community based on metabarcoding due to their high copies of 18 s rRNA gene, and diatoms dominated under microscopy. Altogether 48 algal bloom and/or toxic species were detected in this study, 34 species by metabarcoding and 19 species by microscopy. Our result suggested a high potential risk of HABs in the Beibu Gulf. Microalgal community in the surface water samples demonstrated significantly higher OTU/species richness, alpha diversity, and abundance than those in the micro-plankton samples, although more HAB taxa were detected by microscopic observations in the micro-plankton samples. Furthermore, nano-sized taxa, such as those in chlorophytes, haptophytes, and chrysophyceans, occurred more abundantly in the surface water samples. This study provided a comprehensive morphological and molecular description of microalgal community in the northern Beibu Gulf.
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Project description:Benthic-pelagic coupling is a key approach to studying the structure and energy dynamics of shallow marine food webs. The movement and foraging patterns of consumers are major drivers of nutrient and energy distribution in ecosystems and are critical for maintaining ecosystem stability. To better understand the energy coupling of consumers between coastal marine habitats, this study employed a Bayesian mixture model using SC and SI data. By classifying functional groups based on taxonomy, morphological traits, and feeding ecology similarities, we constructed a trophic network and analyzed the changes in fish feeding patterns and the dynamics of benthic-pelagic coupling across environmental gradients. The results show that the primary carbon sources in the Beibu Gulf are phytoplankton, particulate organic matter (POM), and sediment organic matter (SOM), with phytoplankton contributing the most. Pelagic food subsidies dominate the food web. Small sized, abundant planktivorous and benthivorous fish act both as predators and important prey, transferring carbon and energy derived from both benthic and pelagic zones to higher trophic-levels. Larger, higher-trophic-level piscivorous fish serve as key energy couplers, preying on organisms from various habitats. Depth and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are the two key variables influencing the trophic structure of fish, with opposite gradient patterns observed for each. Along the depth gradient, fish exhibit clear adaptive foraging strategies. As water depth increases, fish tend to forage more within their specific habitat (either benthic or pelagic), with prey types continually changing, leading to a gradual reduction in the strength of benthic-pelagic trophic coupling. This study reveals the spatial resource utilization patterns and adaptive foraging strategies of fish in the Beibu Gulf, providing deeper insights into the structure and spatial variation of food webs. It also enhances our understanding of ecosystem responses to human pressures and global changes, offering valuable perspectives for predicting these responses.
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