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Cell layer-specific modification of cell wall is associated with exo-mesocarp split in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

ABSTRACT: Cell layer-specific modification of cell wall is associated with exo-mesocarp split in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

PROVIDER: PRJNA1279187 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	SRR34043151_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR34043151_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR34043154_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR34043154_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Cell layer-specific modification of cell wall is associated with exo-mesocarp split in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Project description:Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is a drought and salinity-tolerant perennial whose fruit features a fleshy exo-mesocarp, or “hull,” that protects the kernel. Hull development and degradation are key to kernel quality, yet the anatomy and mechanisms driving hull breakdown during late-stage development remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the hull contains anatomically distinct layers of hypodermal parenchyma and filler parenchyma. Using a combination of transcriptome analyses and immunohistochemistry, we show that changes in pectin associated gene expression and modification of this polysaccharide are involved in hull cell size increase, loss of cell-cell adhesion, and softening. Anatomical analysis shows that filler parenchyma expands during late-stage hull development while hypodermal parenchyma remains constant in size. Field data suggest that irrigation and humidity affect pistachio hull split, implicating a role for water status in cell expansion. In summary, the complex interplay between molecular, cellular, and environmental changes suggests that cell layer–specific modifications of the cell wall are linked to exo-mesocarp splitting, forming a model for understanding the mechanism of fruit split during ripening in non-berry fruit crops.

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Project description:Pistachio is a sustainable nut crop with exceptional climate resilience and nutritional value. To advance pistachios as a future food source and establish a model system for hard-shelled fruits, we generated essential knowledge and resources for the scientific community. We include a new chromosome-scale reference genome assembly and annotation of the most widely grown pistachio cultivar (Pistacia vera ‘Kerman’) and a spatiotemporal developmental study of the hull, shell, and kernel. Our study defined four distinct stages of pistachio growth and maturation by integrating tissue-level physiological and molecular data from thousands of nuts across twenty-four time points over three growing seasons. Transcriptional and metabolic changes in the kernel elucidate nutritional quality, such as the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, vital for shelf life and dietary value. This work yields new knowledge that will inform other woody crops and facilitate further improvement of pistachio as a globally significant, sustainable, and nutritious crop.

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