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Project description:Salinity strongly influences the physiology and distribution of nitrifying microorganisms, yet the effects of low salinity on these key players in nitrogen cycling remain understudied. This study investigates the impact of hypoosmolarity on different groups of ammonia oxidizers in soil and lake environments, as well as in pure culture isolates. In soil microcosms amended with ammonium, at low salinity levels (~120 µS/cm), which are comparable to values commonly found in pristine terrestrial and aquatic environments, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), dominated by Nitrosomonas oligotropha, significantly increased. In contrast, the growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), dominated by “Ca. Nitrosotenuis” of the Nitrosopumilaceae family, was stimulated by high salinity (~760 µS/cm). In ammonium-fed lake microcosms, the abundance of AOB, dominated by N. oligotropha, significantly increased under both low (~170 µS/cm) and high salinity (~850 µS/cm) conditions. In the presence of allylthiourea, a bacterial nitrification inhibitor, AOA were found to be sensitive to low salinity in both soil and lake microcosms. Consistently, pure culture studies revealed marked growth inhibition of AOA, especially of members of the Nitrosopumilaceae, under hypoosmolarity, unlike AOB and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) strains. Comparative genomic analyses with AOB and comammox, along with transcriptomic studies, suggested that the sensitivity of AOA to hypoosmolarity stress is attributed to a lack of sophisticated osmoregulatory transport systems and their S-layer cell wall structure. Overall, this study highlights the importance of hypoosmolarity as a key factor shaping the ecological niches and distribution of ammonia oxidizers as well as nitrification activities in terrestrial and aquatic environments increasingly affected in their salinities by intensified water cycles due to climate change.
2026-04-06 | PXD064500 | Pride
Project description:Soil Aggregate Microbiome AOB
| PRJEB78841 | ENA
Project description:Sensory circuit activation can induce neurotransmitter respecification. To understand the consequences and mechanisms of this neuroplasticity we investigated the effects of olfactory system activation on transmitter expression in interneurons of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) during development. Frog larvae use olfactory-mediated kin recognition to distinguish siblings from non-siblings. Prolonged exposure to kin (sibling) or non-kin (non-sibling) odorants changed the number of neurons expressing dopamine or GABA compared to odorant deprivation (orphan condition). To identify signaling molecules mediating this behavior we performed mass spectrometry of kin-conditioned water samples. Vitellogenin-derived peptides, uniquely present in kin-conditioned samples of one genotype, were sufficient to elicit aversion behavior in non-kin larvae. RNA profiling identified AOB microRNAs (miRs) differentially regulated across conditions. Inhibition of miR-375 and miR-200b revealed that they regulate the dopaminergic and GABAergic phenotypes by targeting Pax6 and Bcl11b. Altering the ratio of dopamine/GABA AOB interneurons or locally introducing receptor blockers reversed kinship preference.
2017-09-01 | GSE78854 | GEO