Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1291228 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Growth hormone (GH) has a well established galactopoietic effect on ruminant lactation, however the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects are not fully understood. This study aimed to define the effects of GH on the production of milk protein by the bovine mammary gland and to establish the potential molecular mechanisms mediating these effects. Elevated levels of GH increased milk yield with corresponding increases in protein, fat and lactose yield, while milk composition remained unaffected by treatment. Increased yield (but not concentration) of all the individual milk proteins was not accompanied by changes in the levels of the milk protein transcripts, with the exception of S2-casein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of the milk protein genes is a main factor in the GH-mediated effects on bovine lactation. There were significant transcriptional changes in a wide range of pathways including cell signaling, cell death, cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle regulation and metabolism, consistent with the broad effects of GH. Differential expression of genes involved in the PI3K, ERK/MAPK, insulin receptor, JAK/STAT and IGF-1 signaling pathways were also evident in response to GH treatment supporting potential cross-talk between the GH and insulin signaling pathways in the bovine mammary gland. Transcript levels of the SHC1 gene were elevated in GH-treated cows. SHC1 activates many pathways including those associated with translational regulation and gene transcription and has been implicated in mediating cross-talk between the insulin and GH signaling pathways, providing some insights into the potential pathways mediating the effects of GH on milk protein synthesis in the bovine mammary gland.
2009-09-04 | GSE11571 | GEO
Project description:Regulation of milk synthesis and secretion is controlled mostly through local (intra-mammary) mechanisms. To gain insight into the molecular pathways comprising this response, an analysis of mammary gene expression was conducted in 12 lactating cows shifted from twice daily to once daily milking. Tissues were sampled by biopsy from adjacent mammary quarters of these animals during the two milking frequencies, allowing changes in gene expression to be assessed within each animal. Using bovine-specific, oligonucleotide arrays representing 21,495 unique transcripts, a range of differentially expressed genes were found as a result of less frequent milk removal. A total of 12 microarrays were used in this study. Each array was hybridized with RNA derived from a mammary sample taken at each biopsy time point, such that the twice-a-day milked sample and once-a-day milked sample were contained on the same slide for each animal (12 animals). Six of the microarrays represented animals previously shown to demonstrate a âlargeâ reduction in milk yield, whereas the other six arrays represented animals that previously displayed a âsmallâ reduction in milk yield when milked once per day. Half of each yield loss group (three animals) was represented by once-a-day milked/twice-daily-milked samples for Cy5/Cy3 labelling, with the other half labelled with the opposite dye configuration. This meant that six of 12 arrays were 'dye swapped', but with biological replicates as opposed to identical replicates.
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-16876 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cows were fed a lactation diet at ad libitum intake (n = 6). At 27±3 days in milk, cows were injected with 50 µg of LPS E. coli in one healthy rear mammary quarter. Milk samples were collected just before LPS challenge (LPS-) and 6.5 h after LPS challenge (LPS+) from the same cows. Microarray analysis was performed using customized 8x60K ruminant miRNA microarrays to compare LPS- to LPS+ miRNome. MiRNome comparison between LPS- and LPS+ identified 37 differentially abundant miRNAs (q-value ≤ 0.05)
2023-10-23 | GSE229476 | GEO
Project description:Innovative strategies for increasing the yield of rice, the staple food for more than half of the global population, are needed to keep pace with the expected worldwide population increase, and sustainably forefront the challenges posed by climate change. Traditionally, in Southern-East Asian countries, rice farming benefits from the use of Azolla spp., either as green manure or as co-cultivated plants, for the supply of nitrogen. Azolla spp. are ferns that, in virtue of their symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichormus azollae, fix atmospheric nitrogen and release it to the environment upon decomposition of their biomass. However, if and to what extent actively growing Azolla plants impact on the development of co-cultivated rice plantlets remains to be understood. To address this point here we employed an experimental model to follow the growth and development of roots and aerial organs of rice seedlings when co-cultivated with Azolla filiculoides. We show that actively growing A. filiculoides plants alter the architecture of the roots, the transcriptome of the roots, and the hormonal profiles of both roots and leaves.
2024-10-10 | GSE278294 | GEO
Project description:Dietary supplementation with fish-oil modulates ruminant milk composition towards a healthier fatty acid profile for consumers, but it also causes milk fat depression (MFD). Because the dairy goat industry is mainly oriented towards cheese manufacturing, MFD can elicit economic losses. There is large individual variation in animal susceptibility with goats more (RESPO+) or less (RESPO−) responsive to diet-induced MFD. Thus, we used RNA-Seq to examine gene expression profiles in mammary cells to elucidate mechanisms underlying MFD in goats and individual variation in the extent of diet-induced MFD.
2022-12-11 | E-MTAB-11581 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We functionally analyzed the blood transcriptomes from low- and high- milk protein yield to identify differences that might contribute to variation in milk production and quality.
2021-10-23 | GSE121678 | GEO
Project description:Given that different diets could alter cow milk yield and composition, the effects of different feed formula on milk extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs were detected. Cow milk EVs contained various small RNAs, including miRNAs, snRNAs, tiRNAs, Cis-regulatory elements, and piRNAs. Two hundred and seventy-six known bos taurus miRNAs were identified by sequencing in bovine milk EVs. There were 13 immune-related miRNAs in the top 20 miRNAs in milk EVs. Nine differently expressed known miRNAs were detected in responding to different feed formulations. Cow milk EVs are abundant of small RNAs, especially miRNAs, which might be closely related to the development of maternal mammary gland and neonatal immune maturity.
2019-12-17 | GSE142145 | GEO
Project description:Through the use of proteomic analysis of 32 dental calculus samples from anceint Mongolia, we show that ruminant dairying was present in Mongolia by at least 3000 B.C.E., over 1500 years prior to previously published work. Excitingly, the earliest site with dairy evidence has been identified as archaeologically Afanasievo, supporting the hypothesis that dairy practices and animals likely entered the Eastern steppe with migrating western steppe populations. Furthermore, at 1200 B.C.E. we detect the first direct evidence for horse milk consumption, demonstrating the Bronze Age origins of equine dairying on the eastern steppe which occurred concomitantly with early evidence for horse bridling and riding in the region. The incorporation of horse milk and riding into early Mongolian subsistence strategies led to dramatic economic and demographic shifts that enabled the formation of the well-known steppe empires.
2020-03-05 | PXD014730 | Pride
Project description:Milk and soy are reported to contain bioactive molecules with antibacterial and immunomodulatory actions, which may be beneficial to people with IBD. The aim of this study was to determine whether diets containing ruminant milk or soy solids reduce intestinal inflammation in Il10-/- mice. Male Il10-/- mice and C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 40% (w/w) sheep, goat, or cow whole milk powder, 40% (w/w) soy solids (NOW® Foods Soy Milk Powder, Instant), or one of two control diets (casein-free modified-AIN76A or standard AIN76A) from 4 to 11 weeks of age. Diets were based on AIN76A, which was included as an inter-experimental control for inflammation. For all diets except AIN76A, total protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy were kept as similar as possible. Weight and food intake were measured throughout the experiment (three times weekly), and intestinal tissue was taken for histopathology evaluation of inflammation and analysis of gene expression. Analysis of mouse weight and feed intake both showed a significant strain-diet interaction: Il10-/- mice fed the cow and goat milk diets ate less and gained less weight than all the other diet groups. This diet effect was not evident for the C57BL/6J mice. Il10-/- mice on the cow and goat milk diets had reduced colon histological injury scores relative to those on the other diets. Il10-/- mice on the cow and goat milk diets also had reduced expression of many immune/inflammatory-related genes and pathways.
2019-12-01 | GSE39830 | GEO