Project description:The composition of the gut microbiota is directly associated with response to checkpoint inhibitors in cancer. How diet impacts the gut microbiota and downstream immune response to cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that consumption of a common artificial sweetener, sucralose, supports microbial dysbiosis, restricts T cell metabolism and function, and limits immunotherapy response in cancer. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with a reduction in Arginine, and amino acid supplementation or fecal microbiome transfer completely restores T cell function and immunotherapy response. Thus, artificial sweetener consumption destabilizes the gut microbiota, resulting in compromised T cell function and ablated immunotherapy response in cancer.
Project description:Sucralose is an artificial sweetener commonly used in food and drinks to increase food palatability and control total calorie content. While it is approved for human consumption by both the EFSA and the FDA, recent reports have questioned the safety of long-term consumption of s. in this study, we show that high doses of sucralose affect immune responses in different mouse models of autoimmunity, infection, and cancer. Similarly, sucralose impedes proper t cell proliferation and polarization in vitro. Mechanistically, sucralose dampens signals downstream the TCR resulting in decrease calcium flux upon TCR activation.
Project description:Non-nutritive sweeteners like sucralose are consumed by billions of people. While animal and human studies have demonstrated a link between synthetic sweetener consumption and metabolic dysregulation, the mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Here we use a diet supplemented with sucralose to investigate the long-term effects of sweet/energy imbalance. In flies, chronic sweet/energy imbalance promoted hyperactivity, insomnia, glucose intolerance, enhanced sweet taste perception and a sustained increase in food and calories consumed, effects that are reversed upon sucralose removal. Mechanistically, this response was mapped to the ancient insulin, catecholamine, and NPF/NPY systems and the energy sensor AMPK, which together comprise a novel neuronal starvation response pathway. Interestingly, chronic sweet/energy imbalance promoted increased food intake in mammals as well, and this also occurs through an NPY-dependent mechanism. Together our data show that chronic consumption of a sweet/energy imbalanced diet triggers a conserved neuronal fasting response and increases the motivation to eat.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mouse in-vitro derived CD8+ cells (obtained after culturing BM-HSCs isolated from B6 mice) with OP9-DL1 cells for 35 days were compared to CD8+ thymocytes isolated from 4-5 weeks old B6 mice. Our goal was to determine similarities and differences in gene expression profile between in vitro-derived CD8+ cells and CD8+ cells isolated from the thymus. The procedure of in vitro differentiation of HSC using OP9-DL1 cocultures was previously described by: Schmitt, T. M., and J. C. Zuniga-Pflucker. 2002. Induction of T cell development from hematopoietic progenitor cells by delta-like-1 in vitro. Immunity 17:749-756 and Holmes, R., and J. C. Zuniga-Pflucker. 2009. The OP9-DL1 system: generation of T-lymphocytes from embryonic or hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2009:pdb prot5156. Biological replicates: 2 different samples of in vitro-derived CD8+ T cells from day 35 were compared to 2 different samples of thymic CD8+ cells.
Project description:Purified primary human CD8 T cells were stimulated in vitro in parallel using a magnetic bead conjugated to either anti-CD3/28 or anti-CD2/3/28 antibodies. Cells were cultured for 6 days in complete RPMI1640 and 10ng/ml IL2 and were harvested on day 6 and RNA was isolated for further labelling and hybridisation.
Project description:Cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during the course of an immune response. While T-cell metabolism has been extensively studied at phenotypic endpoints of activation and differentiation, the underlying dynamics remain largely elusive. To resolve these metabolic dynamics, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) measurements on in vitro activated and differentiated CD8+ T cells cultured in physiological media.