Project description:To explore the role of Brucella BI-1 in Brucella suis S2, we constructed the Brucella BI-1 deletion mutant strain and its complementary strain. We then determined the effect of Brucella BI-1 deletion on the physiological characteristics of Brucella suis S2 and revealed them via integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Brucella BI-1 deletion altered the membrane properties of Brucella suis S2 and decreased its resistance to acidic pH, H2O2, polymyxin B, and lincomycin. Additionally, deleting Brucella BI-1 led to defective growth, cell division, and viability in Brucella suis S2. In conclusion, our results revealed that Brucella BI-1 is a bacterial cytoprotective protein involved in membrane homeostasis, cell division, and stress resistance in Brucella suis S2.
Project description:Facultative intracellular Brucella infect and survive inside macrophages, and the outcome of macrophage-Brucella interaction is a basis for establishment of a chronic Brucella infection. The majority of Brucella are killed at the early infection stage. A subpopulation of virulent Brucella strains is instead trafficked to an intracellular replicative phagosome, and are resistant to further attack and begin to multiply dramatically. Virulent Brucella also inhibit macrophage apoptosis that in turn favors pathogen survival and replication. We used the Affymetrix mouse GeneChip 430 2.0 array to analyze mouse macrophage gene expression profiles during the time course of virulent B. melitensis strain 16M infection. Keywords: time course
Project description:Outer membrane vehicles (OMVs) are secreted from gram-negative bacterium to enable bacterial survival and regulate microbial interactions within bacterial communities. The components of OMVs comprise RNA, but the generation as well as the function of OMVs RNA needs to be elucidated. Here, we report that a small non-coding RNA fragment tRF-Leu-CAG, detected in Brucella OMVs, regulates interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 1 (IL13RA1) to activate the phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) via the JAK-STAT6 pathway to reprogram macrophage M2 polarization. We identified the presence of tRF-Leu-CAG in Brucella OMVs by sRNA sequencing and tRF sequencing from bacterial lysate. tRF-Leu-CAG interacts with argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein to exert its function. Meanwhile, the interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 1 (IL13RA1) was proved to be the target genes of tRF-Leu-CAG. Overexpression of phosphorylated STAT6 by western blot further substantiated that tRF-Leu-CAG promotes macrophage M2 polarization via the JAK-STAT6 pathway. Finally, tRF-Leu-CAG and small interfering IL13RA1 facilitates the survival of Brucella in macrophage. Thus, our results highlight the function of tRF-Leu-CAG in Brucella OMVs by reprogramming macrophage M2 polarization to improve the survival of extracellular Brucella. The study unravels a new mechanism of intracellular parasitism and immune escape in Brucella, providing strategy for the mechanisms of other intracellular parasitic bacteria.
Project description:Brucella dynamically engage macrophages while trafficking to an intracellular replicative niche as macrophages, the first line of innate host defense, attempt to eliminate organisms. Brucella melitensis, B. neotomae, and B. ovis are highly homologous, yet exhibit a range of host pathogenicity and specificity. RAW 264.7 macrophages infected with B. melitensis, and B. ovis exhibit divergent patterns of bacterial persistence and clearance; conversely, B. melitensis and B. neotomae exhibit similar patterns of infection. Evaluating early macrophage interaction with Brucella spp. allows discovery of host entry and intracellular translocation mechanisms, rather than bacterial replication. Microarray analysis of macrophage transcript levels following a 4 hr Brucella spp. infection revealed 130 probe sets altered compared to uninfected macrophages; specifically, 72 probe sets were increased and 58 probe sets were decreased with any Brucella spp. Interestingly, much of the inflammatory response was not regulated by the number of Brucella gaining intracellular entry, as macrophage transcript levels were often equivalent among B. melitensis, B. ovis, and B. neotomae infections. An additional 33 probe sets were identified with altered macrophage transcript levels among Brucella spp. infections that may correlate with species specific host defenses and intracellular survival. Gene ontological categorization unveiled genes altered among species are involved in cell growth and maintenance, response to external stimuli, transcription regulation, transporter activity, endopeptidase inhibitor activity and G-protein mediated signaling. Host transcript profiles provide a foundation to understand variations in Brucella spp. infections, while structure of the macrophage response and intracellular niche of Brucella spp. will be revealed through piecewise consideration of host signaling pathways. Keywords: Macrophage, intracellular pathogen, Brucella melitensis, Brucella neotomae, Brucella ovis, inflammatory immune response, species specificity
Project description:Considering the role of PTMs(2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, crotonylation, acetylation, and malonylation) in various biological processes of Brucella virulence and survival, we propose that the virulence of Brucella is associated with the PTMs of proteins. Taken together, this study provides the first global survey of PTMs in Brucella. This is a prospective starting point for further functional analysis of PTMs during the survival of Brucella in hosts, interpretation of the function of Brucella proteins, and elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella.
Project description:Gene expression analysis of wild-type and STING knock-out mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMDM) infected with Brucella abortus or transfected with Brucella abortus DNA. Genes whose expression are affected by Brucella abortus in a STING-dependent manner will be identified and signaling pathways regulated by STING will be elucidated.