Project description:Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) results in terminal differentiation of leukemic cells toward neutrophil granulocytes. Administration of ATRA leads to massive changes in gene expression, including down-regulation of cell proliferation-related genes and induction of genes involved in immune function. One of the most induced genes in APL NB4 cells is transglutaminase 2 (TG2). RNAi-mediated stable silencing of TG2 in NB4 cells (TG2-KD NB4) coupled with whole genome microarray analysis revealed that TG2 is involved in the expression of a large number of ATRA-regulated genes. The affected genes participate in granulocyte functions and their silencing lead to reduced adhesive, migratory and phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and less superoxide production. The expression of genes related to cell cycle control also changed, suggesting that TG2 regulates myeloid cell differentiation. CC chemokines CCL2, 3, 22, 24 and cytokines IL1B and IL8 involved in the development of differentiation syndrome (DS) are expressed at significantly lower levels in TG2-KD NB4 cells than in wild-type NB4 cells upon ATRA treatment. Based on our results, we propose that reduced expression of TG2 in differentiating APL cells may suppress effector functions of neutrophil granulocytes and attenuate the ATRA-induced inflammatory phenotype of DS. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression underlying ATRA-induced differentiation of TG2 knockout NB4 cells. TG2 knockout NB4 cells were differentiated for 48 and 72 hours in the presence of ATRA and their gene expression profiles were compared to the wild-type cells at the same time points. Undifferentiated wild-type and TG2 knockout NB4 cells were used as untreated controls. Three biological replicates each.
Project description:Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) results in terminal differentiation of leukemic cells toward neutrophil granulocytes. Administration of ATRA leads to massive changes in gene expression, including down-regulation of cell proliferation-related genes and induction of genes involved in immune function. One of the most induced genes in APL NB4 cells is transglutaminase 2 (TG2). RNAi-mediated stable silencing of TG2 in NB4 cells (TG2-KD NB4) coupled with whole genome microarray analysis revealed that TG2 is involved in the expression of a large number of ATRA-regulated genes. The affected genes participate in granulocyte functions and their silencing lead to reduced adhesive, migratory and phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and less superoxide production. The expression of genes related to cell cycle control also changed, suggesting that TG2 regulates myeloid cell differentiation. CC chemokines CCL2, 3, 22, 24 and cytokines IL1B and IL8 involved in the development of differentiation syndrome (DS) are expressed at significantly lower levels in TG2-KD NB4 cells than in wild-type NB4 cells upon ATRA treatment. Based on our results, we propose that reduced expression of TG2 in differentiating APL cells may suppress effector functions of neutrophil granulocytes and attenuate the ATRA-induced inflammatory phenotype of DS.
Project description:HOTAIRM1 is a long intergenic non-coding RNA located in the human HOXA gene cluster, with gene expression highly specific for maturing myeloid cells, particularly during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induction of granolopoiesis in NB4, a human t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line. We sought to assess the impact of HOTAIR knockdown on the global programme of gene expression underlying the granulocytic maturing process in NB4 cells. The knockdown of HOTAIRM1 resulted in a less differentiated expression profile in the NB4 cells after 4 days of ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation, with retained expression of many otherwise ATRA-suppressed cell cycle and DNA replication genes, as well as abated induction of cell surface leukocyte activation and defense response genes. The shRNA expressing vector targeting the HOTAIRM1 transcript and the control vector expressing scrambled shRNA sequence were generated based on the pLKO.3G vector backbone (Addgene). The stable cell lines derived from NB4 cells transfected with lentiviral vectors were selected by FACS sorting of GFP selection marker positive cells and isolation of single cell derived clones on soft agar plates. Biologically duplicated total RNA samples were prepared from HOTAIRM1 knockdown and the scrambled shRNA expressing control cells, plus one total RNA from each of wild type NB4 cells and HOTAIRM1 knockdown (by a different shRNA construct) cells, before and after 96 hours of ATRA (0.5 uM) induced granulocytic differentiation.