Project description:Flavivirus infection is tightly connected to host lipid metabolism. Here, we performed shotgun lipidomics of cells infected with neurotropic Zika, West Nile, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses, as well as dengue and yellow fever virus. Early in infection specific lipids accumulated, e.g., neutral lipids in Zika and some lyso-phospholipids in all infections. Ceramide levels increased following infection with viruses that cause a cytopathic effect. In addition, fatty acid desaturation as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly altered. Importantly, depletion of enzymes involved in phosphatidylserine metabolism as well as phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis reduced orthoflavivirus titers and cytopathic effects while inhibition of fatty acid monounsaturation only rescued from virus-induced cell death. Interestingly, interfering with ceramide synthesis had opposing effects on virus replication and cytotoxicity depending on the targeted enzyme. Thus, lipid remodeling by orthoflaviviruses includes distinct changes but also common patterns shared by several viruses that are needed for efficient infection and replication.
Project description:<p>Flavivirus infection is tightly connected to host lipid metabolism. Here, we performed shotgun lipidomics of cells infected with neurotropic Zika, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis viruses, as well as dengue and yellow fever virus. Early in infection specific lipids accumulated, e.g., neutral lipids in Zika and some lyso-phospholipids in all infections. Ceramide levels increased following infection with viruses that cause a cytopathic effect. In addition, fatty acid desaturation as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly altered. Importantly, depletion of enzymes involved in phosphatidylserine metabolism as well as phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis reduced orthoflavivirus titers and cytopathic effects while inhibition of fatty acid monounsaturation only rescued from virus-induced cell death. Interestingly, interfering with ceramide synthesis had opposing effects on virus replication and cytotoxicity depending on the targeted enzyme. Thus, lipid remodeling by orthoflaviviruses includes distinct changes but also common patterns shared by several viruses that are needed for efficient infection and replication.</p>
Project description:Flavivirus infection is tightly connected to host lipid metabolism. Here, we performed shotgun lipidomics of cells infected with neurotropic Zika, West Nile, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, as well as dengue and yellow fever virus. Early in infection specific lipids accumulate, e.g., neutral lipids in Zika and some lysophospholipids in all infections. Ceramide levels increase following infection with viruses that cause a cytopathic effect. In addition, fatty acid desaturation as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism are significantly altered. Importantly, depletion of enzymes involved in phosphatidylserine metabolism as well as phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis reduce orthoflavivirus titers and cytopathic effects while inhibition of fatty acid monounsaturation only rescues from virus-induced cell death. Interestingly, interfering with ceramide synthesis has opposing effects on virus replication and cytotoxicity depending on the targeted enzyme. Thus, lipid remodeling by orthoflaviviruses includes distinct changes but also common patterns shared by several viruses that are needed for efficient infection and replication.
Project description:Primary objectives: The primary objective is to investigate circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via deep sequencing for mutation detection and by whole genome sequencing for copy number analyses before start (baseline) with regorafenib and at defined time points during administration of regorafenib for treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer patients in terms of overall survival (OS).
Primary endpoints: circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via deep sequencing for mutation detection and by whole genome sequencing for copy number analyses before start (baseline) with regorafenib and at defined time points during administration of regorafenib for treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer patients in terms of overall survival (OS).