Cibotium barometz cultivar:TB1
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1326522 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Cibotium barometz (Linn.) J. Sm., a tree fern in the Dicksoniaceae family, is an economically important industrial exported plant in China and widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. C. barometz produces a range of bioactive triterpenes and their metabolites. However, the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenes in C. barometz remains unknown. To clarify the origin of diverse triterpenes in C. barometz, we conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of C. barometz rhizomes and leaves to identify the candidate genes involved in C. barometz triterpene biosynthesis. Three C. barometz triterpene synthases (CbTSs) candidate genes were obtained. All of them were highly expressed in C. barometz rhizomes, consisting of the accumulation pattern of triterpenes in C. barometz. To characterize the function of these CbTSs, we constructed a squalene- and oxidosqualene-overproducing yeast chassis by overexpressing all the enzymes in the MVA pathway under the control of GAL-regulated promoter and disrupted the GAL80 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae simultaneously. Heterologous expressing CbTS1, CbTS2, and CbTS3 in engineering yeast strain produced cycloartenol, dammaradiene, and diploptene, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CbTS1 belongs to oxidosqualene cyclase, while CbTS2 and CbTS3 belong to squalene cyclase. These results decipher enzymatic mechanisms underlying the origin of diverse triterpene in C. barometz.
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Project description:Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disease characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, function, and physical performance. Since the disease code was assigned, attention has been focused on natural products that can protect against muscle atrophy. Cibotium barometz (Cibotium Rhizome) has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of bone or joint diseases in Asian countries. However, no studies have identified the mechanism of action of Cibotium Rhizome on muscle atrophy related to sarcopenia at the site of myotubes. The aim of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of the ethanol extract of Cibotium Rhizome (ECR) on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in an in vitro cell model, i.e., the C2C12 myotubes. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to examine the phytochemicals in ECR. Seven peaks in the ECR were identified, corresponding to the following compounds: protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. In atrophy-like conditions induced by 100 μM dexamethasone for 24 h in C2C12, ECR increased the expression of the myosin heavy chain, p-Akt, the p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-p70S6K, and repressed the expression of regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1), kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF 15), muscle atrophy F-box, and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1 in C2C12. In addition, ECR alleviated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by repressing REDD1 and KLF15 transcription in C2C12 myotubes, indicating the need for further studies to provide a scientific basis for the development of useful therapeutic agents using ECR to alleviate the effects of skeletal muscle atrophy or sarcopenia.
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Project description:The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Cibotium barometz, an endangered CITES medicinal fern, was determined by Illumina sequencing. Its genome is a circular molecule of 166,027 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 29,158 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,665 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 22,046 bp. The genome encodes 118 unique genes, involving 84 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, and two pseudogenes. Maximum likelihood tree showed that C. barometz was closely related to Alsophila spinulosa. This investigation lays solid foundations for endangered medicinal resource conservation and fern phylogenetic studies.
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