Project description:Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the specific transcriptomic changes in apple root tissue in response to infection by F. Proliferatum.The characterized transcriptome changes during apple root defense responses to F. Proliferatum inoculation should facilitate the identification of the key molecular components, which may differentiate the resistance and susceptibility among apple rootstock germplasm.
Project description:The self-abscising characteristic of fruit is a prominent trait for labor-saving cultivation in apple (Malus × domestica). Up to 30 days after full bloom, early abscission leaves only central fruit in a cluster, while four lateral fruits are abscised. Since fruit abscission is possibly induced during earlier phases of fruit development, samples were collected at full bloom and 10 days after full bloom. Comparative analysis between central and lateral pedicels in self-abscising apple can be used to identify the genes that trigger the abscission mechanism, as the destinies of the pedicels in a cluster are obvious. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-Seq to compare expression profiles between the surviving central pedicel to be survived and abscised lateral pedicel to be abscised from self-abscising apple. A total of 797,647 ESTs were assembled into 65,876 contigs which were annotated and analyzed with using Blast2GO. A total of 1,585 differentially expressed genes in central and lateral pedicels were identified using the NOISeq software. , and these genes were were characterized using the MapMan ontology software. Transcription factors involved in vascular bundle differentiation functioned in the central pedicel, while the signaling cascade of IAA14/SLR-ARF7, which progressed during lateral root emergence from primary roots, operated in lateral pedicels. Future studies should explore associations between the mechanisms of lateral root emergence and pedicel abscission during early phases of fruit development, as well as the interconnection among hormones.
Project description:Root and leave samples of 4 different apple genotypes were investigated in order to analyse the gene expression after infection with Apple Replant Disease (ARD). All genotypes were cultivated in ARD-infected soil and gamma-irradiated (disinfected) soil in the greenhouse for 7 days. The ARD soil originated from two different orchards representing two different soil compositions. After 7 days root tissue was collected from each plant and used for the subsequent gene expression analysis. This work was part of the project BonaRes-ORDIAmur funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education within the frame of the program BonaRes (grant no. 031B0025B). It was also funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) via the research training group GRK1798 "Signaling at the Plant-Soil Interface" and a grant to BL and LB (BE 1174/19-1).
Project description:Russeting of apple fruit is a non-invasive physiological disorder. It occurs mainly in 'Golden Delicious' apple and its hybrids, while understanding of its molecular mechanism is still limited. In this study, we used mRNA sequencing and an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis to detect changes in the expression levels of genes and proteins during russeting formation in russeted and non-russeted skin of 'Golden Delicious' apple. We set up three comparison groups representing the three developmental stages in the russeting formation process. With the formation of fruit russeting, there were 2856 differentially expressed genes and 942 differentially expressed proteins in the comparison groups as detected at the transcript level and protein level, respectively. A correlation analysis of the transcriptome and proteome data revealed related-genes involved in lignin biosynthesis are significant changes at different developmental stages during apple russeting formation. Some other transcription factors, such as MYBs, NACs and LIMs were also involved in apple russeting formation. In this study, one LIM transcription factor was preliminarily determined to be involved in lignin biosynthesis by combining to PAL-box element. Studying the identified genes and proteins will provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling apple russeting formation.
Project description:RNA sequencing was applied to compare the transcriptome profiles of conidium, appressoruim, infected apple leaf (IL), and cellophane infectious hyphae (CIH)
Project description:Molecular events regulating apple fruit ripening and sensory quality are largely unknown. Such knowledge is essential for genomic-assisted apple breeding and postharvest quality management. In this study, a parallel transcriptome profile analysis, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and systematic physiological characterization were performed on two apple cultivars, Honeycrisp (HC) and Cripps Pink (CP), which have distinct ripening features and texture attributes. Systematic physiological characterization of fruit ripening based on weekly maturity data indicated substantial differences in fruit crispness and firmness at comparable ripening stages. SEM images of fruit cortex tissues prepared from fruits with equivalent maturity suggested that the cell wall thickness may contribute to the observed phenotypes of fruit firmness and crispness. A high-density long-oligo apple microarray consisting of duplex 190,135 cross-hybridization-free 50-70-mer isothermal probes, and representing 23,997 UniGene clusters, was manufactured on a Nimblegen array platform. Transcriptome profiling identified a total of 1793 and 1209 UniGene clusters differentially expressed during ripening from cortex tissues of HC and CP, respectively. UniGenes implicated in hormone metabolism and response, cell wall biosynthesis and modification and those encoding transcription factors were among the prominent functional groups. Between the two cultivars, most of the identified UniGenes were similarly regulated during fruit ripening; however, a short list of gene families or specific family members exhibited distinct expression patterns between the two cultivars, which may represent candidate genes regulating cultivar-specific apple fruit ripening patterns and quality attributes. Using a single color labeling system, a total of 24 microarray slides were utilized, one for each cortex tissue sample, for transcriptome profiling analysis. 2 cultivars x 3 developmental stages x 4 biological replicates.
Project description:Purpose:The red coloration of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the fruit peel. Light is essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.Apple peel can quickly turn red under light conditions after unbagging. Therefore, the implementation of transcriptome sequencing to find genes that promote anthocyanin accumulation in response to light signals is necessary to clarify the mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel.