Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE32952: Gene expression profiles of T cell fraction enriched for donor antigen-reactive T cells in skin allografted recipient mice (I) GSE32953: Gene expression profiles of T cell fraction enriched for donor antigen-reactive T cells in skin allografted recipient mice (II) Refer to individual Series
Project description:Measurement of specific gene expression in clinical samples is a promising approach for monitoring the recipient immune status to the graft in organ transplantation. Identification of biomarker genes closely associated with tolerance or rejection is critical for this monitoring protocol. Unlike previous studies, our microarray analysis focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69+ T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. A comparison of different recipient groups enabled us to identify several tolerance- and rejection-correlated biomarker genes, including previously unknown genes. By measuring biomarker gene expression in the CD69+ T cell fraction using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we were able to precisely detect the immune status of recipients relative to their graft. Full-thickness donor (BDF1; C57BL/6 x DBA/2) tail skin was grafted onto recipient (C57BL/6) mice. Tolerance to the graft was induced by donor specific transfusion combined with administration of anti-CD40L Ab (MR-1). Total T lymphocytes were prepared from spleen and lymph nodes of tolerant recipient mice on day 100 after skin transplantation, untreated recipient mice on day 7, and ungrafted, healthy C57BL/6 mice and used as tolerant, rejecting and naïve T lymphocyte samples, respectively. In order to isolate alloantigen-reactive cells, T lymphocytes were cocultured with donor T cell-depleted splenocytes for 20-21 hours and then separated into two subpopulations based on CD69 expression using fluorescence cell sorter. Total RNA was extracted from these CD69+ and CD69- T cells and subjected to microarray using Illunima MouseWG-6 Expression BeadChip. All data analysis and visualization of differentially expressed genes was conducted using Illumina GenomeStudio v2009.2 (Gene Expression Module v1.5.4) and R statistical language v2.6.1. Candidate tolerance genes were defined as the common genes satisfying the following criteria; 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from tolerant recipients than those from naïve mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from tolerant mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from tolerant mice. The criteria for candidate rejection genes were 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from rejecting recipients than those from tolerant mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from rejecting mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from rejecting mice.
Project description:Measurement of specific gene expression in clinical samples is a promising approach for monitoring the recipient immune status to the graft in organ transplantation. Identification of biomarker genes closely associated with tolerance or rejection is critical for this monitoring protocol. Unlike previous studies, our microarray analysis focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69+ T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. A comparison of different recipient groups enabled us to identify several tolerance- and rejection-correlated biomarker genes, including previously unknown genes. By measuring biomarker gene expression in the CD69+ T cell fraction using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we were able to precisely detect the immune status of recipients relative to their graft.
Project description:Measurement of specific gene expression in clinical samples is a promising approach for monitoring the recipient immune status to the graft in organ transplantation. Identification of biomarker genes closely associated with tolerance or rejection is critical for this monitoring protocol. Unlike previous studies, our microarray analysis focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69+ T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. A comparison of different recipient groups enabled us to identify several tolerance- and rejection-correlated biomarker genes, including previously unknown genes. By measuring biomarker gene expression in the CD69+ T cell fraction using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we were able to precisely detect the immune status of recipients relative to their graft.
Project description:Measurement of specific gene expression in clinical samples is a promising approach for monitoring the recipient immune status to the graft in organ transplantation. Identification of biomarker genes closely associated with tolerance or rejection is critical for this monitoring protocol. Unlike previous studies, our microarray analysis focused on donor antigen-reactive T cells, which were prepared by collecting CD69+ T cells from cocultures of recipient peripheral T cells and donor antigen-presenting cells. A comparison of different recipient groups enabled us to identify several tolerance- and rejection-correlated biomarker genes, including previously unknown genes. By measuring biomarker gene expression in the CD69+ T cell fraction using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we were able to precisely detect the immune status of recipients relative to their graft. Full-thickness donor (BDF1; C57BL/6 x DBA/2) tail skin was grafted onto recipient (C57BL/6) mice. Tolerance to the graft was induced by donor specific transfusion combined with administration of anti-CD40L Ab (MR-1). Total T lymphocytes were prepared from spleen and lymph nodes of tolerant recipient mice on day 21 and 100 after skin transplantation, untreated recipient mice on day 7, and ungrafted, healthy C57BL/6 mice and used as early tolerant, tolerant, rejecting and naïve T lymphocyte samples, respectively. In order to isolate alloantigen-reactive cells, T lymphocytes were cocultured with donor BM-DCs for 20-21 hours and then separated into two subpopulations based on CD69 expression using fluorescence cell sorter. Total RNA was extracted from these CD69+ and CD69- T cells and subjected to microarray using Illunima MouseRef-8 Expression BeadChip. All data analysis and visualization of differentially expressed genes was conducted using Illumina BeadStudio v3.1.3 (Gene Expression Module v3.3.8), Array Assist 5.5.1 (Stratagene) and R 2.4.1(www.r-project.org). Candidate tolerance genes were defined as the common genes satisfying the following criteria; 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from tolerant recipients than those from naïve mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from tolerant mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from tolerant mice. The criteria for candidate rejection genes were 1) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells isolated from rejecting recipients than those from tolerant mice, 2) 1.5 fold or higher expression in CD69+ T cells than CD69- T cells from rejecting mice, 3) 500 or higher average signal measured in CD69+ T cells from rejecting mice.
Project description:Allogeneic T cell expansion is the primary determinant of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and current dogma dictates that this is driven by histocompatibility antigen disparities between donor and recipient. This paradigm represents a closed genetic system within which donor T cells interact with peptide-MHC complexes, though clonal interrogation remains challenging due to the sparseness of the T cell repertoire. We developed a Bayesian model using donor and recipient TCR frequencies in murine stem cell transplant systems to define limited common expansion of T cell clones across genetically identical donor-recipient pairs. A subset of donor CD4 T cell clonotypes differentially expanded in identical recipients and were microbiota dependent. Microbiota-specific T cells augmented GVHD lethality and could target microbial antigen presented by gastrointestinal epithelium during an alloreactive response. The microbiota thus serves as a source of cognate antigen that contributes to clonotypic T cell expansion and the induction of GVHD independent of donor-recipient genetics.
Project description:Despite significant improvements in solid organ transplant outcomes over the past several decades, our limited understanding of the immune interface between donor organs and recipient immune systems has hindered the development of strategies to expand immunoregulatory cell populations and induce immune tolerance in transplant recipients. Given that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are resident in transplanted solid organs, play a role in wound healing, and coordinate immunoregulatory cell populations, we sought to investigate their function in the alloimmune response. Using a murine heterotopic cardiac transplant model, we demonstrate that recipient ILC2s replace donor ILC2s and upregulate MHC class II (MHCII) without expressing costimulatory molecules. These recipient-derived ILC2s process and present alloantigens, inducing CD4+ T cell anergy through the Caspase-3-dependent pathway. In the absence of recipient-derived ILC2s, we observed a marked increase in infiltrating donor-reactive CD4+ T cells and significantly reduced allograft survival. Furthermore, in vivo expansion of ILC2s via IL-33 administration prolonged murine heart allograft survival. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical and previously unrecognized immunoregulatory role of host-derived ILC2s in solid organ transplantation, where they promote alloimmune tolerance by inducing anergy in alloreactive CD4+ T cells.
Project description:Donor-specific antibody (DSA) responses against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins mismatched between kidney transplant donors and recipients cause allograft loss. Using single cell, molecular, structural, and proteomic techniques, we profiled the HLA-specific (alloreactive) B cell response in kidney and blood of a transplant recipient with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We identified 14 distinct alloreactive B cell lineages, which spanned the rejected organ and blood and expressed high-affinity anti-donor HLA-specific B cell receptors – many of which were clonally linked to circulating DSA. The alloreactive B cell response was focused on exposed, solvent-accessible mismatched HLA residues, while also demonstrating extensive contacts with self-HLA residues. Consistent with structural evidence of self-recognition, measurable autoreactivity by donor-specific B cells was common and positively correlated with anti-donor affinity maturation. Thus, allo- and self-reactive signatures appeared to converge, suggesting that during AMR, the recognition of non-self and breaches of tolerance conspire to produce a pathogenic donor-specific adaptive response.