Project description:Background: Studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have intrinsic neurogenic potential and can be differentiated into neural stem cell/ neural progenitor cells (NPCs) under specific microenvironment. Manipulation of growth factors is one of the popular method to achieve trans-lineage differentiation of MSCs. Synergistic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF) have been widely identified as basic requirement for neural differentiation to take place. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) also known as somatomedin C is an important growth promoting protein during embryonic development which control numerous cellular responses and biological systems. Our recent study has found that the combination of EGF, bFGF and IGF-1 could significantly improved the growth and survivability of MSCs-derived NPCs. Therefore, to understand the genomic mechanism underlying the differentiation in vitro, we have studied the miRNAs profile of MSCs-derived NPCs under IGF-1 influenced conditioned microenvironments. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of IGF-1 in trans-lineage differentiation of MSCs, we have induced MSCs into neural lineage in 3 groups; Group A (positive control) - EGF+bFGF, Group B (Treatment) - EGF+bFGF+IGF-1, and Group C (negative control/ untreated). To unravel the role of regulatory miRNAs involved in the early differentiation, we have performed detailed miRNA profiling for MSCs-derived NPCs at three time intervals (day 1, day 3 and day 5). The data has explored crucial miRNAs involved in early differentiation of MSCs into NPCs. Stage specific MSCs-derived NPCs at Passage 1 were collected for total RNA extraction at three time-points (D1, D3 and D5) and hybridization on Affymetrix miRNA geneChip 2.0 arrays. Each experiment were repeated three times independently (Exp 1, Exp 2 and Exp 3). Group A served as positive control (EGF+bFGF), Group B as treatment (EGF+bFGF+IGF-1) and Group C without growth factor as negative control.
Project description:Background: Studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have intrinsic neurogenic potential and can be differentiated into neural stem cell/ neural progenitor cells (NPCs) under specific microenvironment. Manipulation of growth factors is one of the popular method to achieve trans-lineage differentiation of MSCs. Synergistic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF) have been widely identified as basic requirement for neural differentiation to take place. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) also known as somatomedin C is an important growth promoting protein during embryonic development which control numerous cellular responses and biological systems. Our recent study has found that the combination of EGF, bFGF and IGF-1 could significantly improved the growth and survivability of MSCs-derived NPCs. Therefore, to understand the genomic mechanism underlying the differentiation in vitro, we have studied the miRNAs profile of MSCs-derived NPCs under IGF-1 influenced conditioned microenvironments. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of IGF-1 in trans-lineage differentiation of MSCs, we have induced MSCs into neural lineage in 3 groups; Group A (positive control) - EGF+bFGF, Group B (Treatment) - EGF+bFGF+IGF-1, and Group C (negative control/ untreated). To unravel the role of regulatory miRNAs involved in the early differentiation, we have performed detailed miRNA profiling for MSCs-derived NPCs at three time intervals (day 1, day 3 and day 5). The data has explored crucial miRNAs involved in early differentiation of MSCs into NPCs.
Project description:The Norway rat has important impacts on our life. They are amongst the most used research subjects, resulting in ground-breaking advances. At the same time, wild rats live in close association with us, leading to various adverse interactions. In face of this relevance, it is surprising how little is known about their natural behaviour. While recent laboratory studies revealed their complex social skills, little is known about their social behaviour in the wild. An integration of these different scientific approaches is crucial to understand their social life, which will enable us to design more valid research paradigms, develop more effective management strategies, and to provide better welfare standards. Hence, I first summarise the literature on their natural social behaviour. Second, I provide an overview of recent developments concerning their social cognition. Third, I illustrate why an integration of these areas would be beneficial to optimise our interactions with them.
Project description:BackgroundMurine kobuviruses (MuKV) are newly recognized picornaviruses first detected in murine rodents in the USA in 2011. Little information on MuKV epidemiology in murine rodents is available. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the prevalence and genomic characteristics of rat kobuvirus in Guangdong, China.ResultsFecal samples from 223 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected from Guangdong and kobuviruses were detected in 12.6% (28) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 3D and complete VP1 sequence regions showed that rat kobuvirus obtained in this study were genetically closely related to those of rat/mouse kobuvirus reported in other geographical areas. Two near full-length rat kobuvirus genomes (MM33, GZ85) were acquired and phylogenetic analysis of these revealed that they shared very high nucleotide/amino acids identity with one another (95.4%/99.4%) and a sewage-derived sequence (86.9%/93.5% and 87.5%/93.7%, respectively). Comparison with original Aichivirus A strains, such human kobuvirus, revealed amino acid identity values of approximately 80%.ConclusionOur findings indicate that rat kobuvirus have distinctive genetic characteristics from other Aichivirus A viruses. Additionally, rat kobuvirus may spread via sewage.