Bos taurus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA266748 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR1646924.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Copy number variations (CNVs) have been demonstrated as crucial substrates for evolution, adaptation and breed formation. Chinese indigenous cattle breeds exhibit a broad geographical distribution and diverse environmental adaptability. Here, we analyzed the population structure and adaptation to high altitude of Chinese indigenous cattle based on genome-wide CNVs derived from the high-density BovineHD SNP array. We successfully detected the genome-wide CNVs of 318 individuals from 24 Chinese indigenous cattle breeds and 37 yaks as outgroups. A total of 5,818 autosomal CNV regions (683 bp - 4,477,860 bp in size), covering ~14.34% of the bovine genome (UMD3.1), were identified, showing abundant CNV resources. Neighbor-joining clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and population admixture analysis based on these CNVs support that most Chinese cattle breeds are hybrids of Bos taurus taurus (hereinafter to be referred as Bos taurus) and Bos taurus indicus (Bos indicus). The distribution patterns of the CNVs could to some extent be related to the geographical backgrounds of the habitat of the breeds, and admixture among cattle breeds from different districts. We analyzed the selective signatures of CNVs positively involved in high-altitude adaptation using pairwise Fst analysis within breeds with a strong Bos taurus background (taurine-type breeds) and within Bos taurus×Bos indicus hybrids, respectively. CNV-overlapping genes with strong selection signatures (at top 0.5% of Fst value), including LETM1 (Fst = 0.490), TXNRD2 (Fst=0.440) and STUB1 (Fst=0.420) within taurine-type breeds, and NOXA1 (Fst = 0.233), RUVBL1 (Fst=0.222) and SLC4A3 (Fst=0.154) within hybrids, were potentially involved in the adaptation to hypoxia. Thus, we provide a new profile of population structure from the CNV aspects of Chinese indigenous cattle and new insights into high-altitude adaptation in cattle.
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Project description:Background: The Malnad Gidda are unique dwarf Bos indicus cattle native to heavy rainfall Malnad and coastal areas of Karnataka in India. These cattle are highly adapted to harsh climatic conditions and are more resistant to Foot and Mouth disease as compared to other breeds of B.indicus. Since the first genome reference became available from B.taurus Hereford breed, only a few other breeds have been genotyped using high-throughput platforms. Also despite the known reports on high diversity within indicine breeds as compared to taurine breeds, only one draft genome of Nellore and horn transcriptome of Kankrej breed were sequenced at base level resolution. Because of the special characteristics Malnad Gidda possess, it becomes the choice of breed among many indicine cows to study at molecular level and genotyping. Results: Sequencing mRNA from the PBMCs isolated from blood of one selected Malnad Gidda bull resulted in generation of 55 million paired-end reads of 100bp length. Raw sequencing data is processed to trim the adaptor and low quality bases, and are aligned against the whole genome and transcript assemblies of Bos taurus UMD 3.1 and Bos indicus (Nellore breed) respectively. About 72% of the sequenced reads from our study could be mapped against the B.taurus genome where as only 41% of reads could be mapped against the Bos indicus transcript assembly. Transcript assembly from the alignment carried out against the annotated B.taurus UMD 3.1 genome resulted in identification of ~10,000 genes with significant expression (FPKM>1). In a similar analysis against the B.indicus Kankrej assembled transcripts we could identify only ~6,000 transcripts. From the variant analysis of the sequencing data we found ~10,000 SNPs in coding regions among which ~9,000 are novel and ~6,400 are amino acid changing. Conclusions: For the first time we have genotyped and explored the transcriptome of B.indicus Malnad Gidda breed. A comparative analysis of mapping the RNA-Seq data against the available reference genome and transcript sequences is demonstrated. An enhanced utility of transcript sequencing could be achieved by improving or completing the sequence assembly of any B.indicus breed to better characterize the indicine breeds for productivity features and selective breeding.
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