Project description:Hypoxic pre-conditioning has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic conditions, as well as to improve their capacity for differentiation and neuro-genesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as critical mediators of cell-cell com-munication, but their role in this hypoxic conditioning is presently unknown. Here, we demon-strated that three hours of hypoxic pre-conditioning triggers significant neural stem cell EV release. Proteomic profiling of EVs from normal and hypoxic preconditioned neural stem cells identified 20 proteins that were up-regulated and 22 proteins that were down-regulated after hypoxic precon-ditioning. We also found an upregulation of some of these proteins by qPCR, thus indicating dif-ferences also at the transcript level within the EVs. Among the up-regulated proteins are CNP, Cyfip1, CASK, and TUBB5, which are well known to exhibit significant beneficial effects to neural stem cells. Thus, our results not only show a significant difference of protein cargo in EVs conse-quent to hypoxic exposure, but identify several candidate proteins that might play a pivotal role in the cell-to-cell mediated communication underlying neuronal differentiation, protection, matura-tion and survival following exposure to hypoxic conditions.
Project description:Neural stem cells reside in a hypoxic microenvironment within the brain. However, the crucial transcription factors that regulate neural stem cell biology under physiologic hypoxia are poorly understood. Here, we have performed microarray analysis of hypoxic versus normoxic neural stem cells with the aim of identifying pathways and transcription factors that are activated under oxygen concentrations mimicking normal brain tissue microenvironment.
Project description:Neural stem cells reside in a hypoxic microenvironment within the brain. However, the crucial transcription factors that regulate neural stem cell biology under physiologic hypoxia are poorly understood. Here, we have performed microarray analysis of hypoxic versus normoxic neural stem cells with the aim of identifying pathways and transcription factors that are activated under oxygen concentrations mimicking normal brain tissue microenvironment. To identify the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of low oxygen levels on NSC biology, we profiled the global effect of sustained, physiologic hypoxia on NSC gene expression using an unbiased approach by genome-wide microarray analysis. NSC were isolated from E13.5 mouse embryos (OF-1 strain) as previously described (Johe et al., 1996). After isolation, cells were immediately cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 and either 5% or atmospheric (≈21%) oxygen and maintained in these conditions for 2-3 passages (minimum of 10 days). Then, total RNA was extracted, labeled and hybridized in a SurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8x60k array (Agilent Technologies). Four independent experiments were performed using different mouse donors for each experiment.
Project description:So far, there is no known regulatory circuits that mediate filamentation of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans exclusively in response to hypoxia. In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of gene deletion mutants from different collections of protein kinases and transcriptional regulators to identify specific regulator of the hypoxic filamentation. Our work uncovered two transcription factors, Ahr1 and Tye7, that act as prominent regulators of C. albicans filamentation specifically under hypoxia. In summary, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling and promoter occupancy to characterize both Ahr1 and Tye7 regulons associated with the hypoxic filamentation in C. albicans.
Project description:So far, there is no known regulatory circuits that mediate filamentation of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans exclusively in response to hypoxia. In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of gene deletion mutants from different collections of protein kinases and transcriptional regulators to identify specific regulator of the hypoxic filamentation. Our work uncovered two transcription factors, Ahr1 and Tye7, that act as prominent regulators of C. albicans filamentation specifically under hypoxia. In summary, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling and promoter occupancy to characterize both Ahr1 and Tye7 regulons associated with the hypoxic filamentation in C. albicans.
Project description:Understanding the molecular basis of sex differences in neural response to acute hypoxic insult has profound implications for the effective prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Global hypoxic-ischemic induced neural damage has been studied recently under the well-controlled, non-invasive, reproducible conditions using zebrafish model. Our earlier report on sex difference in global acute hypoxia induced neural damage and recovery in zebrafish prompted us for comprehensive study on the mechanisms underlying the recovery. An omics approach for studying quantitative changes in brain proteome upon hypoxia insult following recovery was undertaken using iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS approach. The results shed light on altered expression of many regulatory proteins in zebrafish brain upon acute hypoxia following recovery. The sex difference in differentially expressed proteins along with the proteins expressed in uniform direction in both the sexes was studied. Core expression analysis by Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA) showed a distinct sex difference in the disease function heatmap. Most of the upstream regulators obtained through IPA were validated at the transcriptional level. Translational upregulation of H3K9me3 in male led us to elucidate the mechanism of recovery by confirming transcriptional targets through ChIP-qPCR. The upregulation of H3K9me3 level in male at 4 hr post-hypoxia appears to affect the early neurogenic markers nestin, klf4 and sox2, which might explain the late recovery in male, compared to female. Acute hypoxia-induced sex-specific comparison of brain proteome led us to reveal many differentially expressed proteins, which can be further studied for the development of novel targets for better therapeutic strategy.
Project description:Spontaneous neural repair from endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) occurs in response to central nervous system (CNS) injuries or diseases to only a limited extent from endogenous NSCs niches. Uncovering the mechanisms that control neural repair and can be further manipulated to promote towards oligodendrocyte progenitors cells (OPCs) and myelinating oligodendrocytes is a major objective. Our aim was to identify myelin specific transcriptional regulators amongst large transcriptional changes shortly after differentiation of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult mice