Uncultured coral endosymbiont dinoflagellate
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA308414 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR3099030.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR3099031.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR3099023.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR3099034.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR3099035.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Emergence of the symbiotic lifestyle fostered the immense diversity of all ecosystems on Earth, but symbiosis plays a particularly remarkable role in marine ecosystems. Photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts power reef ecosystems by transferring vital nutrients to their coral hosts. The mechanisms driving this symbiosis, specifically those which allow hosts to discriminate between beneficial symbionts and pathogens, are not well understood. Here, we uncover that host immune suppression is key for dinoflagellate endosymbionts to avoid elimination by the host using a comparative, model systems approach. Unexpectedly, we find that the clearance of non-symbiotic microalgae occurs by non-lytic expulsion (vomocytosis) and not intracellular digestion, the canonical mechanism used by professional immune cells to destroy foreign invaders. We provide evidence that suppression of TLR signalling by targeting the conserved MyD88 adapter protein has been co-opted for this endosymbiotic lifestyle, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism exploited to facilitate symbiotic associations ranging from coral endosymbiosis to the microbiome of vertebrate guts.
2021-04-14 | GSE141133 | GEO
Project description:Emergence of the symbiotic lifestyle fostered the immense diversity of all ecosystems on Earth, but symbiosis plays a particularly remarkable role in marine ecosystems. Photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts power reef ecosystems by transferring vital nutrients to their coral hosts. The mechanisms driving this symbiosis, specifically those which allow hosts to discriminate between beneficial symbionts and pathogens, are not well understood. Here, we uncover that host immune suppression is key for dinoflagellate endosymbionts to avoid elimination by the host using a comparative, model systems approach. Unexpectedly, we find that the clearance of non-symbiotic microalgae occurs by non-lytic expulsion (vomocytosis) and not intracellular digestion, the canonical mechanism used by professional immune cells to destroy foreign invaders. We provide evidence that suppression of TLR signalling by targeting the conserved MyD88 adapter protein has been co-opted for this endosymbiotic lifestyle, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism exploited to facilitate symbiotic associations ranging from coral endosymbiosis to the microbiome of vertebrate guts.
2021-04-14 | GSE140173 | GEO
Project description:We subjected three inshore and four offshore genotypes of the coral Orbicella faveolata to 30, 31, 32, or 33ºC for 31 days and measured photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the types and relative abundance of dinoflagellate endosymbionts, and gene expression of the host and symbiont. All inshore coral genotypes, regardless of symbiont type, were significantly more thermotolerant than offshore genotypes based on declines in Fv/Fm. The most heat-tolerant inshore genotype (In1) was dominated by Durusdinium trenchii; all other genotypes were Breviolum-dominated, suggesting local adaptation or acclimatization contributes to the heat tolerance of inshore genotypes. After 31 days of heat stress, all coral genotypes (except In2) had lost most of their Breviolum and became dominated by D. trenchii. Host genotype In1 presented unique expression patterns of genes involved in heat shock response, immunity, and protein degradation. There were few changes in the symbiont transcriptomes of inshore corals under heat stress, but significant changes in symbiont gene expression from the offshore colonies, including increases in ribosomal and photosynthetic proteins. These data show that the differential thermotolerance between inshore and offshore O. faveolata in the Florida Keys is associated with statistically significant differences in both host and symbiont gene expression that provide insights into the mechanisms underlying holobiont heat tolerance.
2024-02-06 | GSE225085 | GEO
Project description:Naval training exercises involving live ordnance can introduce munitions constituents (MCs) such as 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazine (RDX) into the marine environment posing a potential environmental hazard to reef organisms, including corals. We developed a bioinformatic infrastructure and high-density microarray for a coral consortium and assessed the effects of RDX bioaccumulation on gene expression related to coral and endosymbiont health in the reef building coral (Acropora formosa). High-throughput sequencing and assembly of the transcriptomes for A. formosa and all eukaryotic endosymbionts yielded 189,616 unique sequences and 25,003 significant functional matches to protein-coding genes. Functional annotation and metabolic pathway associations were also developed. The bioinformatics base was transitioned to custom 15,000 probe microarrays that were used to assess RDX effects on gene expression in the A. formosa coral consortium. Coral fragments were exposed to RDX (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) for 5d in a controlled laboratory experiment. RDX readily accumulated into coral tissues; however, bioconcentration was minimal (bioconcentration factor = 1.09-1.50). RDX caused no significant changes in zooxanthellae tissue densities, however a significant (p<0.05) 40% increase in mucocytes was observed in the 8 mg/L exposure indicating a mucosal protective response to RDX exposure. Investigation of T-RFLP profiles indicated significant differences in bacterial community composition inhabiting the coral surface microlayer of Acropora sp. between control and RDX-exposed coral as among exposure concentrations. Differential expression of transcripts increased with increasing RDX concentration where 126, 195 and 272 transcripts were differentially expressed in the 0.5, 2.0 and 8 mg/L RDX treatments, respectively. The commonality in differentially expressed transcripts (DET) among exposure concentrations ranged from 9.9 to 29.0% where the lowest commonality was observed between the most disparate RDX exposure concentrations. Increasing RDX concentrations caused an increasing proportion of the number of transcripts differentially expressed in symbionts relative to corals. Further, a trend toward decreased transcript expression in symbionts in response to increasing RDX concentration was observed where 20.0% of differentially expressed transcripts had decreased expression at the 0.5 mg/L concentration, whereas 80.4% had decreased expression at the 8 mg/L concentration. Investigation of KEGG orthology for DET indicated potential impacts of RDX on a variety of molecular pathways, predominantly in endosymbionts compared to the coral host. Prominent effects of RDX exposure on pathways included enrichment of DET involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, environmental information processing and cellular processes. Fragments of the living branched coral Acropora formosa were obtained from Oceans, Reefs and Aquaria (http://www.orafarm.com). Ten gallon aquaria were used to expose 5 coral fragments to control or RDX exposure conditions (0.49, 0.93, 1.77, 3.67 and 7.18 mg/L, measured concentrations). The microarray hybridization experiment included 3 biological replicates for the 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/L RDX conditions and 4 biological replicates for the control.
2014-03-26 | E-GEOD-27624 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Abstract The coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is increasingly disrupted by global and local anthropogenic stressors. Coral bleaching is primarily a result of high sea surface temperatures, while eutrophication is associated with reef ecosystem degradation. Excess inorganic nitrogen relative to phosphate has been proposed to directly sensitise corals to thermal bleaching and accelerate reef decline. We assessed the proteomic response of the dinoflagellate coral symbiont Symbiodinium microadriaticum to elevated temperatures under multiple nutrient conditions by mass spectrometry. Elevated temperatures resulted in reductions of many chloroplast proteins, particularly light-harvesting complexes, with simultaneous increases in chaperone proteins. N:P imbalance had a larger effect on the proteome than temperature, but the biological processes and proteins responding to each stressor largely overlapped. The proteomes were highly similar at low N:P ratios but were strongly affected by phosphate starvation. High N:P ratios inhibited cell division, reflected by changes in proteins involved in protein translation. Imbalanced N:P did not increase sensitivity to high temperatures as measured by physiological means; however, imbalanced N:P strongly upregulated cell redox homeostasis proteins at high temperatures. As redox balance is critical during thermal bleaching, these data provide insight into the mechanisms of cellular responses to thermal and multiple stresses in the coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis.
2023-01-31 | PXD022821 | Pride
Project description:The transcriptome of the common, Indo-Pacific, reef-building coral Seriatopora hystrix and its dinoflagellate endosymbionts (genus Symbiodinium)
| PRJNA310803 | ENA
Project description:In this study, we examined the very early transcriptional response of aposymbiotic coral larval host (still not engaged in symbiosis) to hyperthermal stress. This experimental setting provided a scenario and opportunity to study the direct effect of environmental stressors on the host cell per se. Using a cDNA microarray constructed for Acropora millepora and Q-RT-PCR assays, we identified a number of genes that were significantly up- and down-regulated with increase of seawater temperature. Down-regulation of several key component of DNA/RNA metabolism was detected implying inhibition of this cellular metabolic process, however the down-regulation of overall protein synthesis was not simple and random, which suggest that the response to stress is a more complicated adjustment to the metabolic needs of the cell. We identified four significant outcomes during the very early hours of the transcriptional response to hyperthermal stress in coral larvae. First, molecular chaperones responded to hyperthermal stress by increasing their expression as expected, but the response was immediate and extremely rapid during the first 3 hours of heat exposure. Secondly, elevated temperature triggers down-regulation of a fluorescent protein homolog, DsRed-type FP, suggesting that this gene might be used as a potential molecular marker for monitoring hyperthermal stress in nature. Thirdly, the downregulation of a coral mannose-binding lectin under hyperthermal stress might compromise the coral immune defense and bring about susceptibility to pathogenic diseases. And lastly, an absence in the response of oxidative stress genes in aposymbiotic coral larvae during the early hours to hyperthermal stress suggest that the up-regulation of cnidarian host oxidative stress genes reported during thermal stress in algal/host symbiosis might be triggered directly by ROS generated by photosynthetic-dysfunctionally algal endosymbionts that diffuse into host cells, as very little ROS seems to be produced by the host cells from thermal-associated host cellular damage.
2009-08-11 | GSE16351 | GEO
Project description:Sequences of Coral Endosymbionts ITS Region Metagenome
| PRJNA778185 | ENA
Project description:dinoflagellate metagenome Metagenome
| PRJNA503759 | ENA
Project description:The emergence of genomic tools for reef-building corals and symbiotic anemones comes at a time when alarming losses in coral cover are being observed worldwide. These tools hold great promise in elucidating novel and unforeseen cellular processes underlying the successful mutualism between corals and their algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium spp.). Since thermal stress triggers a breakdown in the symbiosis (coral bleaching), measuring the transcriptomic response to thermal stress-induced bleaching offers an extraordinary view of the cellular processes specific to coral-algal symbioses. In the present study, we utilized a cDNA microarray containing 2,059 genes of the Caribbean Elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to identify genes differentially expressed upon thermal stress. Fragments from four separate colonies were exposed to elevated temperature (3˚C increase) for two days, and samples were frozen for microarray analysis after 24 and 48 hours. Fragments experienced a 60% reduction in algal cell density after two days. 204 genes were differentially expressed in samples collected one day after thermal stress; in samples collected after two days, 104 genes. Annotations of the differentially expressed genes indicate a conserved cellular stress response in A. palmata involving: 1) growth arrest; 2) chaperone activity; 3) nucleic acid stabilization and repair; and 4) the removal of damaged macromolecules. Other differentially expressed processes include sensory perception, metabolite transfer between host and symbiont, nitric oxide signaling, and modifications to the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. The results are also compared to those from a previous coral microarray study of thermal stress in Montastraea faveolata.
2009-10-31 | GSE16151 | GEO