LPAR signaling activated in neural crest stem cells promotes melanoma cell growth, invasion and therapy resistance
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PROVIDER: PRJNA358568 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Recent studies suggest that malignant melanoma heterogeneity includes subpopulations of cells with features of multipotent neural crest (NC) cells. Zebrafish and mouse models have shown that reactivation of neural crest-specific pathways determines the invasiveness of melanoma cells. In this study, we show that the neural crest-associated transcription factor FOXD1 plays a key role in invasion and migration capacity of metastatic melanomas both in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression profiling analysis identified on one hand, an upregulation of FOXD1 in NC and melanoma cells, and on the other hand, a downregulation of several genes related to cell invasion in FOXD1 knockdown cells, including MMP9 and RAC1B. Furthermore, we demonstrate that knockdown of RAC1B a tumor-specific isoform of RAC1, significantly impaired cell migration and invasion in melanoma and could abrogate enhanced invasiveness induced by FOXD1 overexpression. We conclude that FOXD1 may influence invasion and migration via indirect regulation of MMP9 and RAC1B alternative splicing in melanoma cells.
2018-08-31 | GSE111766 | GEO
Project description:To pinpoint developmental pathways that are up-regulated both in neural crest stem cells (NCSC) and in melanoma cells but not in melanocytes, we carried out computational analyses to compare gene expression profiles of human skin-derived NCSC, epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells. Our aim was to preselect genes that exhibit high mRNA expression levels both in melanoma cells and in NCSC but low levels in melanocytes.
2017-12-01 | GSE92763 | GEO
Project description:LPAR1 (lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1) is identified in targeted siRNA screens which is required for the survival and maintenance of nueral crest stem cells (NCSC) as well as the growth and invasion of melanoma cells. To gain mechanistic insights into how LPAR signaling modulates melanoma cell growth, We conducted an Illumina genome-wide gene expression microarray experiment to profile melanoma cells treated with the autotaxin inhibitor, HA130. Melanoma cells treated with vehicle control,DMSO is included as a control.
2017-12-01 | GSE92764 | GEO
Project description:Neural crest cells are both highly migratory and significant to vertebrate organogenesis. However, the signals that regulate neural crest cell migration remain unclear. Here, we test the function of DAN, a BMP antagonist we detected by analysis of chick cranial mesoderm. Our analysis shows that, prior to neural crest cell exit from the hindbrain, DAN is expressed in the mesoderm, then it becomes absent along cell migratory pathways. Cranial neural crest and metastatic melanoma cells avoid DAN protein stripes in vitro. Addition of DAN reduces the speed of migrating cells, in vivo and in vitro respectively. In vivo loss-of-function of DAN results in enhanced neural crest cell migration by increasing speed and directionality. Computer model simulations support the hypothesis that DAN restrains cell migration by regulating cell speed. Taken together, our results identify DAN as a novel factor that inhibits uncontrolled neural crest and metastatic melanoma invasion and promotes collective migration in a manner consistent with inhibition of BMP signaling.
2017-08-07 | GSE101746 | GEO
Project description:Loss of neural crest-associated gene FOXD1 impairs melanoma invasion and migration via RAC1B downregulation
| PRJNA438110 | ENA
Project description:Summary: Melanoma spheroids grown under neural crest cell conditions are highly plastic migratory/invasive tumor cells endowed with immunomodulator function Background: The aggressiveness of melanoma tumors is likely to rely on their well-recognized heterogeneity and plasticity. Melanoma comprises multi subpopulations of cancer cells some of which may possess stem cell-like properties supporting the notion of plasticity. Although useful for certain tumors, the use of the sphere-formation assay to identify stem cell-like or tumor initiating cells subpopulations in human melanoma has been recently challenged. Our study reveals that this assay predicts a functional phenotype associated with aggressive behavior of tumor cells. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed the molecular and functional phenotypes of melanoma spheroids formed in neural crest cell medium. Whether from metastatic (SLM8) or advanced primary (Mela1) tumors, spheroid cells expressed melanoma-associated markers. They displayed higher capacity to differentiate along mesenchymal lineages, and showed enhanced expression of SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and/or OCT4 transcription factors, but not extensive self-renewal or enhanced tumorigenicity when compared to their adherent counterparts. To determine whether melanoma spheroids in our model could predict a molecular or functional phenotype, we performed gene expression profiling experiments using Affymetrix microarrays. Gene expression profiling attributed a neural crest cell signature to these spheroids and indicated that a migratory/invasive and immune-function modulating program could be associated with these cells. In vitro assays confirmed that these spheroids are endowed with enhanced migratory/invasive capacities. In immune activation assays, spheroid cells elicited a poorer allogenic response from immune cells and inhibited mitogen-dependent T cells activation and proliferation more efficiently than their adherent counterparts. Thus, our findings reveal novel immune-modulator function of melanoma spheroid cells and suggest specific roles for these spheroids in invasion and in evasion of antitumor immunity. Conclusion/Significance: The association of a more plastic, invasive and evasive, thus a more aggressive tumor phenotype with melanoma spheroid cells reveals a previously unrecognized aspect of tumor cells expanded as spheroid cultures. While of limited efficiency for melanoma initiating cell identification, our melanoma spheroid model predicted aggressive phenotype and could therefore, be constructive to investigate melanoma aggressiveness, relevant to patients and clinical transferability. 12 Total samples were analyzed: SLM8 adherent (SLMA) and spheroids (SLMS) cells, and Mela1 adherent (MelaA) and spheroid (MelaS) cells, all performed in triplicates. Paired statistical analyses were performed using Student's paired t-test on the gene signal intensities (gene level) and results were considered statistically significant at p-values <=0.05 and fold-change >=1.5.
2011-03-28 | E-GEOD-26980 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The “cancerized field” concept posits that cells of a given tissue share a potentially oncogenic mutation or insult and are thus cancer-prone, yet only discreet clones within the field initiate tumor formation. In melanoma, tumors frequently (~50%) carry the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation that is also nearly always present in benign nevi that rarely become melanoma. The zebrafish crestin gene is expressed embryonically in neural crest progenitors and is then specifically re-expressed in melanoma tumors. Here, we show by live imaging transgenic zebrafish crestin reporters that single melanocytes in a cancerized field with oncogenic BRAFV600E and p53 tumor suppressor loss undergo a change that recapitulates the neural crest progenitor (NCP) state, and patches of these cells initiate early melanoma. The crestin element is regulated by the NCP transcription factor sox10. Forced sox10 overexpression in melanocytes accelerated melanoma formation, consistent with reprogramming to the NCP state and activation of super-enhancers that lead to melanoma. Our work highlights the importance of the reemergence of the NCP state as a barrier to melanoma initiation.
2016-06-08 | GSE61823 | GEO
Project description:The “cancerized field” concept posits that cells of a given tissue share a potentially oncogenic mutation or insult and are thus cancer-prone, yet only discreet clones within the field initiate tumor formation. In melanoma, tumors frequently (~50%) carry the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation that is also nearly always present in benign nevi that rarely become melanoma. The zebrafish crestin gene is expressed embryonically in neural crest progenitors and is then specifically re-expressed in melanoma tumors. Here, we show by live imaging transgenic zebrafish crestin reporters that single melanocytes in a cancerized field with oncogenic BRAFV600E and p53 tumor suppressor loss undergo a change that recapitulates the neural crest progenitor (NCP) state, and patches of these cells initiate early melanoma. The crestin element is regulated by the NCP transcription factor sox10. Forced sox10 overexpression in melanocytes accelerated melanoma formation, consistent with reprogramming to the NCP state and activation of super-enhancers that lead to melanoma. Our work highlights the importance of the reemergence of the NCP state as a barrier to melanoma initiation.
2016-06-08 | GSE61825 | GEO
Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of primary uveal melanoma cells, normal uveal melanocytes, neural crest stem cells, embryonic stem cells and uveal melanoma cell lines. The Illumina Infinium 27k Human DNA methylation Beadchip Rev B was used to obtain DNA methylation profiles across approximately 27,000 CpGs in the samples. Samples included 58 primary UM, 3 NUM and NCSC controls and 2 cell lines. Bisulphite converted DNA from the 63 samples were hybridised to the Illumina Infinium 27k Human Methylation Beadchip Rev B
2013-02-14 | E-GEOD-44296 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Regulation of particular genes during the formation of neural crest (NC) cells is also described during progression of malignant melanoma. In this context it is of paramount importance to develop neural crest models allowing the identification of candidate genes, which could be used as biomarkers for melanoma prognosis. Here, we used a human iPSC-based approach to present novel NC-associated genes, expression of which was upregulated in melanoma. A list of 8 candidate genes, based on highest upregulation, was tested for prognostic value in a tissue microarray analysis containing samples from advanced melanoma (good versus bad prognosis) as well as from high-risk primary melanomas (early metastasizing versus non or late-metastasizing). CD271, GLDC and ERRFI1 showed significantly higher expression in metastatic patients who died early than the one who survived at least 30 months. In addition, GLDC and TWIST showed a significant higher IHC score in primary melanomas from patients who developed metastases within 12 months versus those who did not develop metastases in 30 months. In conclusion, our iPSC-based study reveals a significant association of NC marker GLDC protein expression with melanoma prognosis.
2019-02-07 | GSE123686 | GEO