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Acidithiobacillus caldus

ABSTRACT: Thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium

PROVIDER: PRJNA37257 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	SRR12595464_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12595464_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12595465_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12595465_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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RSS mediated persulfidation cascade regulation mechanism of novel transcription factor SscRAc in extremophile Acidithiobacillus caldus under extreme copper stress

Project description:Biomining microorganisms are classified as extremophiles due to their chronic exposure to elevated metal ion concentrations, which drives evolutionary adaptations for environmental stress resistance. This study investigates the copper tolerance mechanisms in Acidithiobacillus caldus CCTCC M 2018727, a strain demonstrating exceptional metal resistance through long-term adaptive laboratory evolution (survival at 250 mM Cu²⁺). Comparative analysis revealed a 350.6% increase in intracellular reactive sulfur species (RSS) levels under 250 mM Cu²⁺ stress. Sulfur-related post-translational modification proteomics demonstrated system-wide persulfidation enhancement and identified SscRAc, a novel RSS-sensitive MarR family transcription factor. Genetic deletion of sscRAc increased copper susceptibility and disrupted cellular redox homeostasis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and qRT-PCR analyses revealed SscRAc’s dual regulatory mechanism: suppressing copper efflux systems while activating RSS metabolic pathways to maintain intracellular equilibrium. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that both Cys74 and Cys78 in SscRAc interact with RSS and undergo persulfidation, resulting in the dissociation of the protein from the promoter-DNA of target genes. Furthermore, upstream signaling analysis uncovered a reciprocal regulatory relationship between SscRAc and the copper-sensitive transcription factor CsoRAc, establishing a coordinated copper-RSS signaling network. This work identifies SscRAc as a pivotal regulator of copper tolerance in A. caldus and delineates a novel metal stress response pathway connecting copper toxicity with sulfur redox biochemistry.

2025-08-31 | GSE293048 | GEO

Sulfur metabolism in the extreme acidophile acidithiobacillus caldus.

Project description:Given the challenges to life at low pH, an analysis of inorganic sulfur compound (ISC) oxidation was initiated in the chemolithoautotrophic extremophile Acidithiobacillus caldus. A. caldus is able to metabolize elemental sulfur and a broad range of ISCs. It has been implicated in the production of environmentally damaging acidic solutions as well as participating in industrial bioleaching operations where it forms part of microbial consortia used for the recovery of metal ions. Based upon the recently published A. caldus type strain genome sequence, a bioinformatic reconstruction of elemental sulfur and ISC metabolism predicted genes included: sulfide-quinone reductase (sqr), tetrathionate hydrolase (tth), two sox gene clusters potentially involved in thiosulfate oxidation (soxABXYZ), sulfur oxygenase reductase (sor), and various electron transport components. RNA transcript profiles by semi quantitative reverse transcription PCR suggested up-regulation of sox genes in the presence of tetrathionate. Extensive gel based proteomic comparisons of total soluble and membrane enriched protein fractions during growth on elemental sulfur and tetrathionate identified differential protein levels from the two Sox clusters as well as several chaperone and stress proteins up-regulated in the presence of elemental sulfur. Proteomics results also suggested the involvement of heterodisulfide reductase (HdrABC) in A. caldus ISC metabolism. A putative new function of Hdr in acidophiles is discussed. Additional proteomic analysis evaluated protein expression differences between cells grown attached to solid, elemental sulfur versus planktonic cells. This study has provided insights into sulfur metabolism of this acidophilic chemolithotroph and gene expression during attachment to solid elemental sulfur.

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