Project description:To further understand the roles of miRNA during influenza A virus infection, we performed miRNA profiling in human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 cells, infected with influenza A virus A/Beijing/501/2009(H1N1) and A/goose/Jilin/hb/2003(H5N1).
Project description:This project focuses on the proteomic analysis of Xitou eggshell samples using high-resolution LC-MS/MS. The primary goal is to identify and characterize the protein components, evaluate their post-translational modifications, and compare them with modern goose eggshell proteomes. The results aim to provide insights into the biomineralization mechanisms and evolutionary differences in avian eggshell formation.
Project description:The pathogenesis of avian influenza A H5N1 virus in human has not been clearly elucidated. There have been increasing evidence suggesting a role for virus-induced cytokine dysregulation in contributing to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. However, the role of aberrant innate immune response in human lungs infected by avian influenza H5N1 virus has not been explored and direct evidence for inappropriate innate responses in lungs of avian influenza H5N1 virus infected patients is lacking. In order to obtain evidences for the proposed role of aberrant innate immune response in avian influenza H5N1 virus pathogenesis in human, we analyzed expression profile of lung tissues from two fatal cases of avian influenza H5N1 virus infected patients in comparison to normal human lung using an expression microarray.
Project description:Background:Dendritic cells (DCs), have the most important antigen presenting ability and played an irreplaceable role in recognizing and clearing virus. Antiviral responses must rapidly defend against infection while minimizing inflammatory damage, but the mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of response within an infected cell are not well understood. MicroRNA, small non-coding RNAs, that can regulate dendritic cells to inhibit the infection and replication of avian influenza virus. Here, we global analyses how avian DCs response to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and provide a potential mechanism of how avian microRNA defending H9N2 AIV replication. Results: Here, we global analyses how avian DCs response to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and provide a potential mechanism of how avian microRNA defending H9N2 AIV replication. First, we found that both active and inactive H9N2 AIV enhance the ability of DCs to present antigens and activate T lymphocytes. Next, total microarray analyses suggested that H9N2 AIV stimulation involved in protein localization, nucleotide binding and leukocyte transendothelial migration and MAPK signal pathways. Moreover, we construct 551 transcription factor (TF)-microRNA-mRNA loops based on the above analyses. Furthermore, we found that HA fragment could not activate DCs, while truncated HA highly increased the immune function of DCs by activating ERK and STAT3 signal pathway. Last, our insight research not only gained that gga-miR1644 might target to MBNL2 to enhanced avian DCs in inhibiting virus replication, but also suggested that gga-miR6675 target to the NLS of PB1 to trigger the silencing of PB1 genes and lead to inhibition of H9N2 avian influenza viral replication. All together, our innovative research will shed new light on the roles of avian microRNA in evoking avian DCs and inhibiting virus replication, which will suggest new strategies to combat avian influenza virus.
Project description:The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pathogenic role of individual 1918 genes on the host response to the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. We examined reassortant avian viruses nearly identical to the pandemic 1918 virus (1918-like avian virus) carrying either the 1918 HA or PB2 gene. Both genes enhanced 1918-like avian virus replication, but only the mammalian host adaptation of the 1918-like avian virus through reassortment of the 1918 PB2 led to increased lethality in mice. We demonstrate that 1918 PB2 enhances immune and inflammatory responses concomitant with increased cellular infiltration in the lung. We also show that 1918 PB2 expression results in the repression of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways which are crucial for inflammation mediated lung regeneration and repair. Five- to six-week-old female BALB/c mice (Jackson Laboratory) were used for the experiments. Isoflurane-anesthetized mice were intranasally inoculated with tenfold serial dilutions (three mice per dilution) of 1918, 1918-like avian, 1918 PB2/avian and 1918 HA/avian viruses. The dose required to kill 50% of mice (MLD50) was calculated using the Reed-Muench method. For analysis of virus growth and microarray profiling mice were intranasally inoculated with 10^4 PFU of virus (n=4/virus/timepoint) or PBS (n=3/timepoint). At days 1, 2 and 4 after infection, lungs were harvested from the infected mice. Lungs were processed for RNA extraction for microarray studies and virus titer determination.
Project description:The pathogenesis of avian influenza A H5N1 virus in human has not been clearly elucidated. There have been increasing evidence suggesting a role for virus-induced cytokine dysregulation in contributing to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. However, the role of aberrant innate immune response in human lungs infected by avian influenza H5N1 virus has not been explored and direct evidence for inappropriate innate responses in lungs of avian influenza H5N1 virus infected patients is lacking.