DNA:cytoplasm ratio defines an upper limit to cell size [RNA-seq]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA434318 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR6739830.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6739831.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6739832.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6739833.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR6739824.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:DNA:cytoplasm ratio defines an upper limit to cell size
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Project description:Cell size varies greatly between cell types, yet within a specific cell type and growth condition, cell size is narrowly distributed. Why maintenance of a cell-type specific cell size is important is not understood. Here we show that growing beyond a certain size has wide-ranging effects on cell physiology. Large cells are defective in gene induction, cell cycle progression and cell signaling. We further show that these defects are caused by the inability of large cells to scale nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis in accordance with cell volume increase, which effectively leads to cytoplasm dilution. Finally, we determine why nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis do not scale with cell volume beyond a certain critical size. DNA becomes limiting. We conclude that the correct DNA to cytoplasm ratio is vital for many perhaps all cellular functions and that the range where this ratio supports optimal cell function is remarkably narrow.
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Project description:Mitotic chromosomes scale to nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and cell size in Xenopus
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Project description:Compartmentalization is an essential feature of eukaryotic life and is achieved both via membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, and membrane-less biomolecular condensates, such as the nucleolus. Known biomolecular condensates typically exhibit liquid-like properties and are visualized by microscopy on the scale of ~1µm. They have been studied mostly by microscopy, examining select individual proteins. So far, several dozen biomolecular condensates are known, serving a multitude of functions, for example, in the regulation of transcription, RNA processing or signalling and their malfunction can cause diseases. However, it remains unclear to what extent biomolecular condensates are utilized in cellular organization and at what length scale they typically form. Here we examine native cytoplasm from Xenopus egg extract on a global scale with quantitative proteomics, filtration, size exclusion and dilution experiments. These assays reveal that at least 18% of the proteome is organized into mesoscale biomolecular condensates at the scale of ~100nm and appear to be stabilized by RNA or gelation. We confirmed mesoscale sizes via imaging below the diffraction limit by investigating protein permeation into porous substrates with defined pore sizes. Our results show that eukaryotic cytoplasm organizes extensively via biomolecular condensates, but at surprisingly short length scales.
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