Peroxisome function relies on organelle-associated mRNA translation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA451682 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR7058380.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7058381.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7058382.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7058383.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR7058384.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Crucial metabolic functions of peroxisomes rely on a variety of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). While mRNA transcripts of PMPs were shown to be colocalized with peroxisomes, the process by which PMPs efficiently couple translation with targeting to the peroxisomal membrane remained elusive. Here, we combine quantitative electron microscopy with proximity-specific ribosome profiling and reveal that translation of specific PMPs occurs on the surface of peroxisomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This places peroxisomes alongside chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum as organelles that use localized translation for ensuring correct insertion of hydrophobic proteins into their membranes. Moreover, the correct targeting of these transcripts to peroxisomes is crucial for peroxisomal and cellular function, emphasizing the importance of localized translation for cellular physiology.
2022-01-12 | GSE113567 | GEO
Project description:Crucial metabolic functions of peroxisomes rely on a variety of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). While mRNA transcripts of PMPs were shown to be colocalized with peroxisomes, the process by which PMPs efficiently couple translation with targeting to the peroxisomal membrane remained elusive. Here, we combine quantitative electron microscopy with proximity-specific ribosome profiling and reveal that translation of specific PMPs occurs on the surface of peroxisomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This places peroxisomes alongside chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum as organelles that use localized translation for ensuring correct insertion of hydrophobic proteins into their membranes. Moreover, the correct targeting of these transcripts to peroxisomes is crucial for peroxisomal and cellular function, emphasizing the importance of localized translation for cellular physiology.
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Project description:The cytosol-facing organelle outer membrane (OM) is a layer that separates from but also communicates with cellular compartments for the import and exchange of proteins, metabolites and signaling molecules. OM resident proteins are also the targets of cellular surveillance systems by which the cell controls organelle homeostasis for promoting cell survival under stress. However, discovery of OM proteins and their dynamically interacting partners by traditional approaches can be very challenging. In this study, we developed an outer membrane proximity labeling system (OMPL) using biotin ligase mediated proximity biotinylation to map the proximity proteome of the cytosol-facing mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisome outer membranes in living Arabidopsis cells. The power of this optimized system is highlighted by the discovery of the cytosolic factors and OM receptor candidates that are potentially involved in protein local translation and translocation, membrane contact sites and organelle quality control. Moreover, this OMPL plants generated in this study can be used for rapid and specific isolation of intact mitochondria and peroxisome. Our findings provide ample ground for further investigations on important questions in organelle biology.
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Project description:The mechanisms that govern organelle remodeling remain poorly defined. Lysosomes degrade cargo from various routes including endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. For phagocytes, lysosomes are a kingpin organelle since they are essential to kill pathogens and process and present antigens. During phagocyte activation, lysosomes undergo a striking reorganization, changing from dozens of globular structures to a tubular network, in a process that requires the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Here, we show that lysosomes undergo a remarkable expansion in volume and holding capacity during phagocyte activation within 2 h of LPS stimulation. Lysosome expansion was paralleled by an increase in lysosomal protein levels, but this was unexpectedly independent of TFEB and TFE3 transcription factors, known to scale up lysosome biogenesis. Instead, we demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated mechanism of acute organelle expansion via mTORC1-dependent increase in translation of mRNAs encoding key lysosomal proteins. Importantly, mTORC1-dependent increase in translation activity was necessary for efficient and rapid antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Collectively, we identified a previously unknown and functionally relevant mechanism for lysosome expansion that relies on mTORC1-dependent enhanced translation of mRNAs to boost protein synthesis and lysosome biogenesis in response to an infection signal.
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Project description:In vitro studies are crucial for our understanding of the human macrophage immune functions. However, traditional in vitro culture media poorly reflect the metabolic composition of blood, potentially affecting the outcomes of these studies. Here, we analysed the impact of a physiological medium on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (iPSDM) function. Macrophages cultured in a human plasma-like medium (HPLM) were more permissive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication and showed decreased lipid metabolism with increased metabolic polarisation. Functionally, HPLM-differentiated macrophages showed different metabolic organelle content and activity. Specifically, HPLM-cultured macrophages displayed reduced lipid droplet and peroxisome content, increased lysosomal proteolytic activity, and increased mitochondrial activity and dynamics. Inhibiting or inducing lipid droplet formation revealed that lipid droplet content is a key factor influencing macrophage permissiveness to Mtb. These findings underscore the importance of using physiologically relevant media in vitro for accurately studying human macrophage function.
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Project description:Cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of organisms, driven by the holistic functions of multiple proteins encoded in the genome. However, the individual contributions of thousands of genes and the millions of protein molecules they express to cell proliferation are still not fully understood, even in simple eukaryotes. Here, we present proteome maps of cells during proliferation in the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, based on the sequencing of ribosome-protected messenger RNA (mRNA) fragments. Ribosome footprint profiling of genes encoded by nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast DNAs has revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in mRNA transcription and protein translation within each gene during cell division. Comparisons of ribosome footprints from non-dividing and dividing cells allowed the identification of proteins involved in cell proliferation. Given that in vivo experiments on two selected candidate proteins identified a division-phase-specific mitochondrial nucleoid protein and a mitochondrial division protein, these results offer key insights into the comprehensive protein functions that facilitate cell and organelle division.
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Project description:Peroxisomes are primarily metabolic organelles with important functions in lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid oxidation and ether phospholipid synthesis (e.g., plasmalogens). Certain viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), hijack organelle functions to facilitate their replication and spread. However, the role of peroxisomes in herpesvirus replication remains elusive. Therefore, we used targeted mass spectrometry to quantify 60 peroxisome proteins through the HCMV infection cycle. We provide two proteomic experiments. The first experiment (raw files labeled as 20180123) is of samples in biological triplicate from uninfected human fibroblasts and infected human fibroblasts at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours post infection. The second experiment (raw files labeled as 201806) is from uninfected/infected fibroblasts during phosphonoformate (PFA) treatment and fibroblasts infected with UV-treated HCMV.
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