Project description:ACC1 is known to rate limitng enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis. We report that modulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathway increased tonic expression of anti-viral genes. RNA sequence was conducted to compare global gene expression between control, ACC1 inhibitor (TOFA)-treated, ACC1 KO and IFNb-treated Th1 cells. We found that inhibition or deletion of ACC1 resulted in the enhancement of anti-viral genes expression as comparable level to IFNb-treated Th1 cells. This study provides a framework for the relationship between fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and anti-viral responses in CD4 T cells.
Project description:Studies have shown that Alzheimer’s disease is more prevalent and severe in women than men. This could be due to the different gene and protein expression in the microglia, the brain’s primary immune cells. In this study, we analyzed microglial microRNAs from the hippocampi of adult male and female mice and identified 30 miRNAs that were expressed differently in male and female mice. The target genes of the male-enriched miRNAs belong to the fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. As sex hormones contribute to sex differences, we investigated whether testosterone regulates the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in the mouse microglial cell line MG6. Testosterone reduced the expression levels of fatty acid synthase, which in turn suppresses the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. This suggests that testosterone, through the upregulation of specific miRNAs, plays a crucial role in suppressing inflammatory responses in male microglia, which could explain the lower susceptibility of men towards Alzheimer’s disease.
Project description:In plants, fatty acids are de novo synthesized predominantly in plastids fromacetyl-CoA. Although fatty acid biosynthesis has been biochemically well-studied, little isknown about the regulatory mechanisms of the pathway. Here, we show that overexpressionof the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) gene causesglobally increased expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, which are involved in keyreactions of condensation, chain elongation and desaturation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Inthe plastidial fatty acid synthetic pathway, over 58% of known enzyme-coding genes areupregulated in LEC1-overexpressing transgenic plants, including those encoding threesubunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme controlling the fatty acid biosynthesisflux. Moreover, genes involved in glycolysis and lipid accumulation are also upregulated.Consistent with these results, levels of major fatty acid species and lipids were substantiallyincreased in the transgenic plants. Genetic analysis indicates that the LEC1 function ispartially dependent on ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, FUSCA3 and WRINKLED1 in theregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, a similar phenotype was observed intransgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing two LEC1-like genes of Brassica napus.These results suggest that LEC1 and LEC1-like genes act as key regulators to coordinate theexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, thereby representing a promising target forgenetic improvement of oil-production plants.
Project description:We studied the MeJA response processes at four time points in Sindora glabra, which accumulates abundant sesquiterpenes in the tree trunk. Across the time course, differentially expressed genes involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were significantly enriched, while JAZ genes involved in jasmonic acid pathway and TGA genes involved in salicylic acid pathway were significantly enriched at later time point after treatment.