Mefloquine disrupts cancer stem cells by inhibiting lysosomal RAB5/7 mediated mitophagy
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PROVIDER: PRJNA476805 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer stem cells (CSCs) establish hierarchy in tumor tissue and a critical role for acquisition of resistance to therapy. Thus, the targeting of CSCs is important. We focused on lysosome which characteristically upregulated in colon CSCs for the aim of CSC targeting and search for new maintenance of CSCs by analyzing the function of CSC targeting drug. METHODS Correlation of lysosomal activity and CSC markers was assessed and single sphere formation and limiting dilution assay were performed, to evaluate CSCs property. Additionally, in vitro and vivo, we evaluated that anticancer drugs, antimalarial drugs, antitumor effect by combining them, and changes in cancer stem cell hierarchy. We performed microarray analyses to compare gene expression patterns from the tumors of treated patient derived xenograft mice. RESULTS LC3B+ or Lysotracker+ cells were characteristically existed in CD44V9+/ CD133+ CSC fraction as a small cell subpopulation. Single sphere formation assay and limiting dilution assay showed higher sphere formation activity and higher tumorigenic activity of LC3B+ or Lysotracker+ cells compared to LC3B－or Lysotracker－cells. Mefloquine treatment significantly decreased CD44v9+/ CD133+ cell number than representative antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Mefloquine demonstrated the synergic effect on oxaliplatin and irinotecan. In Microarray analysis, we elucidated that mefloquine disrupted lysosome pathway by inhibiting Rab5 and Rab7. In patient-derived colon cancer tissue xenografted (PDX) mouse model, combined treatment of mefloquine with oxaliplatin or irinotecan drastically abrogated the tumorigenic activity of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Lysosomal activity in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target, and repositioning of mefloquine to colon cancer together with conventional chemotherapeutic agent will be a promising strategy for cure of colon cancer.
2018-06-20 | GSE116023 | GEO
Project description:Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the urinary tract with high recurrence and drug resistance in clinics. Alternative treatments from existing drugs might be a promising strategy. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an FDA-approved antiprotozoal drug, has got increasingly noticed because of its favorable safety profile and antitumor potential, yet the effects in bladder cancer and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we find that NTZ induces mitochondrial damage and mitophagy initiation through PINK1-generated phospho-ubiquitin(pS65-Ub) and autophagy receptor-mediated pathway even in the absence of Atg5/Beclin1. Meanwhile, NTZ inhibits lysosomal degradation activity, leading to mitophagy flux impairment at late stage. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is critical in this process, as eliminating ROS with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) efficiently inhibits PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy initiation and alleviates lysosomal dysfunction. Co-treatment with NTZ and autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) to aggravate mitophagy flux impairment promotes NTZ-induced apoptosis, while alleviation of mitophagy flux impairment with ROS scavenger reduced cell death. Moreover, we also discover a similar signaling response in the 3D bladder tumor spheroid after NTZ exposure. In vivo study reveals a significant inhibition of orthotopic bladder tumors with no obvious systemic toxicity. Together, our results uncover the anti-tumor activities of NTZ with the involvement of ROS-mediated mitophagy modulation at different stages and demonstrate it as a potential drug candidate for fighting against bladder tumors.
2021-03-31 | GSE171129 | GEO
Project description:Nitazoxanide impairs mitophagy flux through ROS-mediated mitophagy initiation and lysosomal dysfunction in bladder cancer
| PRJNA718525 | ENA
Project description:While there is significant progress in characterizing the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), underlying cell biological events are less well-defined. Increasing evidence suggests that endolysosomal dysfunction is a critical driver of PD pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the impact of preformed α-synuclein fibrils (PFF) on endolysosomal function and downstream events, including activation of cellular senescence pathways. We found that PFF treatment of primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons caused widespread endolysosomal dysfunction. PFF treatment also induced changes in transcriptional reprogramming and chromatin accessibility. To define underlying mechanisms we explored the status of LRRK2, finding that PFF treatment activated LRRK2 on early endosomes where it phosphorylated Rab5. PFF also induced phosphorylation of Rab7. LRRK2 activation was necessary for endolysosomal dysfunction and transcriptional changes as these changes were prevented by pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 with MLi-2. In addition, Rab5 changes mediated by PFF treatment contributed to changes in chromatin remodeling. These cell biological insights point to a critical role in PD pathogenesis for LRRK2 activation and its engagement of the endolysosomal network and to a novel role for the LRRK2-Rab5 axis in mediating its manifestations.
2026-05-13 | GSE294156 | GEO
Project description:Rabs are involved in neuronal development and protrusion formation. Existing studies support the notion that manipulation or mutation of Rab genes could lead to functional changes in neurons. However, whether Rabs gene-manipulation induced Drosophila eye-degeneration remains unknown. By down-regulating Rab5, but not Rab7, we first constructed a compound eye injury model in Drosophila. As the distribution, content, and even maturation of RAB5-positive endosomes are influenced by cytoskeletal proteins, like actin or tubulin-related proteins, the existence of a bidirectional regulatory relationship between RAB5 and the cytoskeleton is unclear and worth researching. Through complete transcriptome sequencing combined immunofluorescence testing, we confirmed that down-regulation of Rab5 affected the expression of α-Tub84B (alternatively named TubA84B) but not γ-tubulin. Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and multi-tissue screening verification, this study proposes that the apoptosis-related factors–Rab5–TubA84B have conserved regulatory functions with cooperative expression. Gene-manipulation confirmed that apoptotic factors, especially rpr, strongly regulated RAB5, and may ultimately influence microtubule structure through extremely complicated routes, including the RAB5 variance and the intracellular configuration ratio of α-tubulin to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
2026-07-28 | GSE273282 | GEO
Project description:PFF induce LRRK2-Mediated Rab5 Phosphorylation Triggering Lysosomal Dysfunction and Neuronal Senescence [ATAC-seq]
| PRJNA1248479 | ENA
Project description:PFF induce LRRK2-Mediated Rab5 Phosphorylation Triggering Lysosomal Dysfunction and Neuronal Senescence [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA1248436 | ENA
Project description:RNAi-mediated silencing of Rab5 and the consequent loss of endosomes in the mouse liver caused severe metabolic defects such as hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia and glycogen accumulation. Gene expression in mice liver after knockdown of Rab5 has been performed the Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays to identify biological processes and pathways affected by Rab5.
2015-05-03 | GSE67227 | GEO
Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CARTs) are engineered T cells designed to target specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Using a continuous antigen exposure (CAE) assay to model this interaction, we observed that tumors can capture CAR molecules, leaving the CARTs devoid of surface-expressed CARs and unable to kill tumors after repeated challenges. Overexpression of Rab5, a key regulator of endocytosis, prevents the loss of CARs and enhances CARTs activity. Rab5 significantly increased the endocytic recycling of T cells without causing other perturbations to CART function. Interestingly, we observed membrane protrusions on the CART cell surface, which disappeared after multiple tumor challenges. Rab5 overexpression maintained these protrusions after multiple tumor engagements, and the presence of membrane protrusions correlated with tumor clearance. In vivo, Rab5-expressing CARTs demonstrated improved activity and were able to clear an otherwise recalcitrant mesothelin-expressing solid cancer. These findings suggest that engineering CARTs with Rab5 overexpression could enhance the clinical efficacy of CAR T cell therapy.
2026-04-10 | GSE269885 | GEO
Project description:RNAi-mediated silencing of Rab5 and the consequent loss of endosomes in the mouse liver caused severe metabolic defects such as hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia and glycogen accumulation. Gene expression in mice liver after knockdown of Rab5 has been performed the Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays to identify biological processes and pathways affected by Rab5. The mice received either PBS or lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with siRNAs agains Rab5all or Luciferase control at 1.5 mg/kg via tail vein injection. At 5 day post injection mice were sacrificed using cervical dislocation and liver tissue was harvested, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA isolation; Gene expression studies were performed applying the Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays.
2015-05-03 | E-GEOD-67227 | biostudies-arrayexpress