Project description:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative joint and multi-factorial disease. Developing new targeting strategies that can be used to understand its molecular mechanisms is critical owing to the difficulty in treating OA. Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae present high therapeutic value; however, the presence of various active compounds and the multi-factorial risk factors for OA renders the precise mechanisms of action unclear. We screened the key mechanisms of action of P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae aqueous extract (PBSL) and its compounds using systematic transcriptome analysis. Major mechanisms and transcription factors of PBSL were analyzed by profiling gene expression changes in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced human chondrosarcoma cell (SW1353) treated with PBSL. Furthermore, an in vitro assay was perfomed to validate the efficacy of the novel mechanism and targets of PBSL. PBSL exerted anti-inflammatory effects on SW1353 cells by regulating many molecular pathways. The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway was significantly downregulated by PBSL, and STAT3 was identified as a major transcription factor regulating PBSL-induced target gene expression. Furthermore, we found that among the six PBSL compounds, the major compound was regulated by the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Our findings reinforce the idea that inhibiting the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is a therapeutic target for treating OA, providing potential novel mechanisms and transcription factors for PBSL and its active compounds against OA.
Project description:Background: The Malnad Gidda are unique dwarf Bos indicus cattle native to heavy rainfall Malnad and coastal areas of Karnataka in India. These cattle are highly adapted to harsh climatic conditions and are more resistant to Foot and Mouth disease as compared to other breeds of B.indicus. Since the first genome reference became available from B.taurus Hereford breed, only a few other breeds have been genotyped using high-throughput platforms. Also despite the known reports on high diversity within indicine breeds as compared to taurine breeds, only one draft genome of Nellore and horn transcriptome of Kankrej breed were sequenced at base level resolution. Because of the special characteristics Malnad Gidda possess, it becomes the choice of breed among many indicine cows to study at molecular level and genotyping. Results: Sequencing mRNA from the PBMCs isolated from blood of one selected Malnad Gidda bull resulted in generation of 55 million paired-end reads of 100bp length. Raw sequencing data is processed to trim the adaptor and low quality bases, and are aligned against the whole genome and transcript assemblies of Bos taurus UMD 3.1 and Bos indicus (Nellore breed) respectively. About 72% of the sequenced reads from our study could be mapped against the B.taurus genome where as only 41% of reads could be mapped against the Bos indicus transcript assembly. Transcript assembly from the alignment carried out against the annotated B.taurus UMD 3.1 genome resulted in identification of ~10,000 genes with significant expression (FPKM>1). In a similar analysis against the B.indicus Kankrej assembled transcripts we could identify only ~6,000 transcripts. From the variant analysis of the sequencing data we found ~10,000 SNPs in coding regions among which ~9,000 are novel and ~6,400 are amino acid changing. Conclusions: For the first time we have genotyped and explored the transcriptome of B.indicus Malnad Gidda breed. A comparative analysis of mapping the RNA-Seq data against the available reference genome and transcript sequences is demonstrated. An enhanced utility of transcript sequencing could be achieved by improving or completing the sequence assembly of any B.indicus breed to better characterize the indicine breeds for productivity features and selective breeding.