Project description:To determine lncRNAs transcribed during the polarization of macrophages, we have employed whole genome microarray expression profiling as a discovery platform to identify lncRNAs expression in mouse primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with M1 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and M2 (IL-4) stimulators.
Project description:By utilizing a series of specific modulating M2 macrophages polarization models, 3872 up-regulated and 3091 down-regulated genes were found during the polarization process.
Project description:The proteasome is a central regulatory hub for intracellular signaling by degrading numerous signaling mediators. Immunoproteasomes are specialized types of proteasomes known to be involved in shaping adaptive immune responses, but their role for innate immune signaling is elusive. Here, we analyzed immunoproteasome function for polarization of alveolar macrophages which are highly specialized tissue macrophages of the alveolar surface of the lung. Classical activation (M1 polarization) of primary alveolar macrophages by LPS/IFNγ transcriptionally induced all three immunoproteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1. In contrast, IL-4 triggered alternative (M2) activation was accompanied by posttranscriptional upregulation of LMP2 and LMP7. Accordingly, immunoproteasome activity increased in M1 cells, and to some extent under M2 conditions. Analyzing the polarization capability from LMP7 deficient mice revealed no effect on the LPS/IFNγ triggered M1 profile, but uncovered a distorted M2 profile for IL-4 stimulated LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages as characterized by increased M2 marker gene expression and CCL17 cytokine release. This shift in immunoproteasome-dependent M2 polarization was accompanied by amplified AKT/STAT6 activation and IRF4 expression in LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages. IL-13 stimulation of LMP7 deficient cells induced a similar M2 skewed profile and IL4Rα protein expression was generally elevated in LMP7-/- alveolar macrophages, indicating that amplified IL4R signaling in immunoproteasome defective cells may contribute to augmented M2 polarization. Importantly, treatment with an LMP7-specific proteasome inhibitor recapitulated the findings of genetic LMP7 inactivation. Our results thus suggest a novel role of immunoproteasome function for regulating innate immune function of macrophages by limiting IL4R expression and signaling. Expression data of M0 and M2 macrophages derived from Lmp7 k.o. and control animals
Project description:Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and tissue homeostasis, exhibiting phenotypic and functional plasticity that enables them to initiate, sustain, or resolve inflammation. To support the evidence-based selection of biomedically relevant preclinical models, this study comprehensively characterized ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization by integrating morphological assessments with in-depth proteomic profiling of cellular lysates and secretomes. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were differentiated into macrophages using GM-CSF (GMØ) or M-CSF (MMØ), then polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes. Mass spectrometry identified 4804 proteins in cell lysates and 901 in secretomes, including 42 CD antigens, enabling the establishment of CD marker profiles for monocytes and the distinct macrophage differentiation and polarization states. Proteomic analyses revealed significant upregulation of inflammatory markers in M1 and elevated tissue repair markers in M2 macrophages. Enrichment analysis confirmed activation of antimicrobial and matrix-degrading pathways in M1 macrophages, and regenerative, proteolysis-inhibiting functions in M2 macrophages. In conclusion, this study addresses the limitations of currently available immunological tools by providing an antibody-independent alternative for the classification of ovine macrophages, facilitating more precise phenotypic characterization and functional insight in ovine immunology research.
Project description:Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and tissue homeostasis, exhibiting phenotypic and functional plasticity that enables them to initiate, sustain, or resolve inflammation. To support the evidence-based selection of biomedically relevant preclinical models, this study comprehensively characterized ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization by integrating morphological assessments with in-depth proteomic profiling of cellular lysates and secretomes. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were differentiated into macrophages using GM-CSF (GMØ) or M-CSF (MMØ), then polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes. Mass spectrometry identified 4804 proteins in cell lysates and 901 in secretomes, including 42 CD antigens, enabling the establishment of CD marker profiles for monocytes and the distinct macrophage differentiation and polarization states. Proteomic analyses revealed significant upregulation of inflammatory markers in M1 and elevated tissue repair markers in M2 macrophages. Enrichment analysis confirmed activation of antimicrobial and matrix-degrading pathways in M1 macrophages, and regenerative, proteolysis-inhibiting functions in M2 macrophages. In conclusion, this study addresses the limitations of currently available immunological tools by providing an antibody-independent alternative for the classification of ovine macrophages, facilitating more precise phenotypic characterization and functional insight in ovine immunology research.
Project description:Brown and beige fats generate heat via uncoupled respiration to defend against cold, mechanistically, through the action of a network of transcription factors and cofactors. Here we globally profiled long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) gene expression during thermogenic adipocyte formation and identified Brown fat lncRNA 1 (Blnc1) as a novel nuclear lncRNA that promotes brown and beige adipocyte differentiation and function by forming a feedforward regulatory loop with EBF2 to drive adipogenesis toward thermogenic phenotype. LncRNAs expression were measured in BAT and WAT from mice injected saline/CL and during brown adipocyte differentiation with two replicates using Arraystar Mouse LncRNA microarray V2.0
Project description:To systematically identify lncRNAs involved in muscle cell differentiation, the lncRNA microarrays was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs during C2C12 cells differentiation (Proliferation myoblast and 2, 5, 8 days after differentiation, represented by D0, D2, D5 and D8. respectively)