A maternally inherited polymorphism in mitochondrial genome alters immune cell metabolism and protects mice from skin inflammation
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PROVIDER: PRJNA523840 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Adenylation of maternally inherited microRNAs by Wispy
| PRJNA262696 | ENA
Project description:The piRNA pathway controls transposon expression in animal germ cells, thereby ensuring genome stability over generations. piRNAs are maternally deposited and required for proper transposon silencing in adult offspring. However, a long-standing question in the field is the precise function of maternally deposited piRNAs and its associated factors during embryogenesis. Here, we probe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of several piRNA pathway components during early stages of development. Amongst those, factors required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) showed ubiquitous abundance in somatic and pole cells throughout the first half of embryogenesis. We further analysed the transcriptomes of various embryo stages and correlated these with the presence of selected chromatin marks. We found that a number of transposon families show bursts of transcription during early embryonic stages. Transposons heavily targeted by maternally deposited piRNAs accumulated repressive chromatin marks following their spike in expression. Furthermore, depletion of maternally deposited Piwi protein in early embryos resulted in increased expression of transposons targeted by inherited piRNAs and was accompanied by a strong loss of repressive chromatin marks at coding sequences. Overall, our data suggests a pivotal role for the piRNA pathway in transposon defence during Drosophila embryogenesis in somatic cells.
2021-07-26 | PXD022409 | Pride
Project description:Early development depends heavily on accurate control of maternally inherited mRNAs, and yet it remains unknown how maternal microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated during maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). We here find that maternal miRNAs are highly adenylated at their 3' ends in mature oocytes and early embryos. Pervasive adenylation is observed in oocytes of fly, sea urchin and mouse, indicating that maternal miRNA adenylation may be widely conserved in animals. We identify Wispy as the enzyme responsible for miRNA adenylation in flies. Wispy is known to be expressed specifically in oocytes and early embryos and function as a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase. Knockout of wispy abrogates miRNA adenylation and induces miRNA accumulation in fly eggs whereas overexpression of Wispy increases adenylation and reduces miRNA levels in S2 cells. Adenylation occurs on both the 5p and 3p miRNAs, indicating that Wispy acts on miRNAs after Dicer processing. We further find that Wispy interacts with Ago1 through protein-protein interaction, which may allow the effective and selective adenylation of miRNAs. Thus, adenylation may contribute to the clearance of maternally deposited miRNAs during MZT. Our work provides the first mechanistic insights into the regulation of maternal miRNAs and illustrates the importance of RNA tailing in development. MiRNA expression and modification profile during early embryo development of fruit fly and zebra fish using high throughput sequencing
2014-10-01 | E-GEOD-61931 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Early development depends heavily on accurate control of maternally inherited mRNAs, and yet it remains unknown how maternal microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated during maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). We here find that maternal miRNAs are highly adenylated at their 3' ends in mature oocytes and early embryos. Pervasive adenylation is observed in oocytes of fly, sea urchin and mouse, indicating that maternal miRNA adenylation may be widely conserved in animals. We identify Wispy as the enzyme responsible for miRNA adenylation in flies. Wispy is known to be expressed specifically in oocytes and early embryos and function as a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase. Knockout of wispy abrogates miRNA adenylation and induces miRNA accumulation in fly eggs whereas overexpression of Wispy increases adenylation and reduces miRNA levels in S2 cells. Adenylation occurs on both the 5p and 3p miRNAs, indicating that Wispy acts on miRNAs after Dicer processing. We further find that Wispy interacts with Ago1 through protein-protein interaction, which may allow the effective and selective adenylation of miRNAs. Thus, adenylation may contribute to the clearance of maternally deposited miRNAs during MZT. Our work provides the first mechanistic insights into the regulation of maternal miRNAs and illustrates the importance of RNA tailing in development.
2014-10-01 | GSE61931 | GEO
Project description:Several mitochondrial genetic variants have been associated with different chronic inflammatory diseases. However, experimental proof for the pathogenic relevance of these associations is still missing. We have reported that polymorphisms in the mitochondrial gene MT-ATP8, which encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, are associated with the autoimmune skin disease bullous pemphigoid. Using a mouse model for this disease, we show here that a SNP in mt-Atp8 determine the severity of autoantibody-induced skin inflammation by modulating T effector cell function and shifting the levels of short chain fatty acids. With respect to the latter, increased levels of propionate are associated with milder disease, and systemic administration of propionate ameliorates disease. By employing the Aldara™-induced psoriasiform dermatitis model, we further demonstrate that the immunomodulatory effects of mt-Atp8 variants are also relevant for autoinflammation. Collectively, our results highlight discrete mitochondrial genetic variants as significant general modulators of skin inflammation and possibly of other organs.
2020-02-13 | GSE126956 | GEO
Project description:The piRNA pathway controls transposon expression in animal germ cells, thereby ensuring genome stability over generations. piRNAs are maternally deposited and required for proper transposon silencing in adult offspring. However, a long-standing question in the field is the precise function of maternally deposited piRNAs and its associated factors during embryogenesis. Here, we probe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of several piRNA pathway components during early stages of development. Amongst those, factors required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) showed ubiquitous abundance in somatic and pole cells throughout the first half of embryogenesis. We further analyzed the transcriptomes of various embryo stages and correlated these with the presence of selected chromatin marks. We found that a number of transposon families show bursts of transcription during early embryonic stages. Transposons heavily targeted by maternally deposited piRNAs accumulated repressive chromatin marks following their spike in expression. Furthermore, depletion of maternally deposited Piwi protein in early embryos resulted in increased expression of transposons targeted by inherited piRNAs and was accompanied by a strong loss of repressive chromatin marks at coding sequences. Overall, our data suggests a pivotal role for the piRNA pathway in transposon defence during Drosophila embryogenesis in somatic cells.
2021-07-22 | GSE160778 | GEO
Project description:Down syndrome is characterized by trisomy 21 or partial duplication of chromosome 21. There have been extensive studies focusing on the identification of the Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR). Our case aims in providing evidence that duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 is not included in the DSCR and that it has no clinical consequences on the phenotype. Due to missing the appropriate gestational age for serological screening, Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) analysis was performed for a pregnant woman with normal prenatal examinations at 22 weeks of gestation. The result of NIPT revealed a 5.8Mb maternally inherited duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2. To test whether the fetus also carried this duplication, ultrasound-guided amniocentesis was conducted and the result of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) with amniotic fluid showed a 6.7Mb duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 (ranging from position 18,981,715 to 25,707,009) for the fetus. This partial duplication of 21q21.1-q21.2 for the fetus was maternally inherited. The pregnant woman and her family decided to continue the pregnancy after genetic counseling. This case clearly indicates that 21q21.1-q21.2 duplication is not included in the DSCR and most probably has no clinical consequences on the phenotype.
2021-06-05 | GSE176138 | GEO
Project description:In plants and mammals, small RNAs indirectly mediate epigenetic inheritance by specifying cytosine methylation. Here, we find that small RNAs themselves serve as vectors for epigenetic information. Crosses between Drosophila strains that differ in the presence of a particular transposon can produce sterile progeny, a phenomenon called hybrid dysgenesis. This phenotype manifests itself only if the transposon is paternally inherited, suggesting maternal transmission of a factor that maintains fertility. In both P- and I-element-mediated hybrid-dysgenesis models, daughters show a markedly different content of piRNAs targeting each element, depending upon its parent of origin. Such differences persist from fertilization through adulthood. This indicates that maternally deposited piRNAs are crucial for mounting an effective silencing response and that a lack of maternal piRNA inheritance underlies hybrid dysgenesis. Mappers table contains all of the sequences in our libraries that map to the drosophila genome (release 5) Nonmappers table contains all of the sequences in our libraries that do not map to the drosophila genome(release 5) 15 small RNA libraries were generated from total RNA of Drosophila melanogaster ovarian and embryo tissues and analyzed for this study
2008-11-28 | E-GEOD-13081 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In plants and mammals, small RNAs indirectly mediate epigenetic inheritance by specifying cytosine methylation. Here, we find that small RNAs themselves serve as vectors for epigenetic information. Crosses between Drosophila strains that differ in the presence of a particular transposon can produce sterile progeny, a phenomenon called hybrid dysgenesis. This phenotype manifests itself only if the transposon is paternally inherited, suggesting maternal transmission of a factor that maintains fertility. In both P- and I-element-mediated hybrid-dysgenesis models, daughters show a markedly different content of piRNAs targeting each element, depending upon its parent of origin. Such differences persist from fertilization through adulthood. This indicates that maternally deposited piRNAs are crucial for mounting an effective silencing response and that a lack of maternal piRNA inheritance underlies hybrid dysgenesis. Mappers table contains all of the sequences in our libraries that map to the drosophila genome (release 5) Nonmappers table contains all of the sequences in our libraries that do not map to the drosophila genome(release 5)
2008-11-28 | GSE13081 | GEO
Project description:The E3 ubiquitin ligase Ube3a is biallelically expressed in mitotic cells, including neural progenitors and glial cells, raising the possibility that UBE3A gain-of-function mutations might cause neurodevelopmental disorders irrespective of parent-of-origin. To test this possibility, we engineered a mouse line that harbors an autism-linked UBE3A-T485A (T508A in mouse) gain-of-function mutation and evaluated phenotypes in animals that inherited the mutant allele paternally, maternally, or from both parents. We found that both paternally and maternally expressed UBE3A-T485A resulted in elevated UBE3A activity in neural progenitors and glial cells where Ube3a is biallelically expressed. Expression of UBE3A-T485A from the maternal allele, but not the paternal one, led to a persistent elevation of UBE3A activity in postmitotic neurons. Maternal, paternal, or biparental inheritance of the mutant allele promoted embryonic expansion of Zcchc12 lineage interneurons which mature into Sst and Calb2 expressing interneurons, and caused a spectrum of behavioral phenotypes that differed by parent-of-origin. Phenotypes were distinct from those observed in Angelman syndrome model mice that harbor a Ube3a maternal loss-of-function allele. Our study shows that the UBE3A-T485A gain-of-function mutation causes distinct neurodevelopmental phenotypes when inherited maternally or paternally. These findings have clinical implications for a growing number of disease-linked UBE3A gain-of-function mutations.
2023-07-03 | GSE201733 | GEO