Oncogenic KIT mutations induce STAT3-dependent autophagy to support cell proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA540828 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Autophagy is associated with both survival and cell death in myeloid malignancies. Therefore, deciphering its role in different genetically defined subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical. Activating mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase are frequently detected in core-binding factor AML and are associated with a greater risk of relapse. Herein, we report that basal autophagy was significantly increased by the KITD816V mutation in AML cells and contributed to support their cell proliferation and survival. Invalidation of the key autophagy protein Atg12 strongly reduced tumor burden and improved survival of immunocompromised NSG mice engrafted with KITD816V TF-1 cells. Downstream of KITD816V, STAT3, but not AKT or ERK pathways, was identified as a major regulator of autophagy. Accordingly, STAT3 pharmacological inhibition or downregulation inhibited autophagy and reduced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results support the notion that targeting autophagy or STAT3 opens up an exploratory pathway for finding new therapeutic opportunities for patients with CBF-AML or others malignancies with KITD816V mutations.
2019-12-31 | GSE130625 | GEO
Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease and the most common primary brain malignancy of adults with a median survival barely exceeding one year. Recent findings suggest that the antipsychotic drug pimozide triggers an autophagy-dependent, lysosomal type of cell death in GBM cells with possible implications for GBM therapy. One oncoprotein that is often overactivated in these tumors and associated with a particularly dismal prognosis is Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Here, we used isogenic human GBM knockout cell lines, advanced fluorescence microscopy, transcriptomic analysis and FACS-based assessment of cell viability to show that STAT3 has an underappreciated, context-dependent role in drug-induced cell death. Specifically, we demonstrate that depletion of STAT3 significantly enhances cell survival after treatment with pimozide, suggesting that STAT3 confers a particular vulnerability to GBM. Furthermore, we show that active STAT3 has no major influence on the early steps of the autophagy pathway, but exacerbates drug-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilisation (LMP) and release of cathepsins into the cytosol. Collectively, our findings support the concept of exploiting the pro-death functions of autophagy and LMP for GBM therapy and to further determine whether STAT3 can be employed as a treatment predictor for highly apoptosis-resistant, but autophagy-proficient cancers.
2022-01-13 | GSE162429 | GEO
Project description:Autophagy is associated with both survival and cell death in myeloid malignancies. Therefore, deciphering its role in different genetically defined subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical. Activating mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase are frequently detected in core-binding factor AML and are associated with a greater risk of relapse. Herein, we report that basal autophagy was significantly increased by the KITD816V mutation in AML cells and contributed to support their cell proliferation and survival. Invalidation of the key autophagy protein Atg12 strongly reduced tumor burden and improved survival of immunocompromised NSG mice engrafted with KITD816V TF-1 cells. Downstream of KITD816V, STAT3, but not AKT or ERK pathways, was identified as a major regulator of autophagy. Accordingly, STAT3 pharmacological inhibition or downregulation inhibited autophagy and reduced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results support the notion that targeting autophagy or STAT3 opens up an exploratory pathway for finding new therapeutic opportunities for patients with CBF-AML or others malignancies with KITD816V mutations.
| S-EPMC6635375 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medulloblastoma (MB) is a childhood malignant brain tumour comprising four main subgroups characterized by different genetic alterations and rate of mortality. Among MB subgroups, patients with enhanced levels of the c-MYC oncogene (MBGroup3) have the poorest prognosis. Here we identified a previously unrecognized role of the pro-autophagy factor AMBRA1 in regulating MB. We demonstrated that AMBRA1 expression levels strongly depend on c-MYC expression and correlate with patient poor prognosis; also, knockdown of AMBRA1 reduces MB stem potential, growth and migration of MBGroup3 cells in vitro and in vivo. At a molecular level, AMBRA1 mediates these effects by suppressing SOCS3, an inhibitor of STAT3 activation. In turn, active STAT3 increases c-MYC expression that, in a positive feedback loop, sustains AMBRA1 transcription. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy profoundly affects stem potential and metastasization of MBGroup3 cells in vitro and in vivo, and a combined anti-autophagy and anti-STAT3 approach impacts MBGroup3 cell survival. Taken together, our data identified the c-MYC/AMBRA1/STAT3 axis as a strong oncogenic signalling pathway with significance for both patient stratification strategies and targeted treatments of MBGroup3.
2021-09-08 | GSE134109 | GEO
Project description:Mitochondrial respiration maintains autophagy to support stress resistance in quiescent cells
| PRJNA609070 | ENA
Project description:Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is the major pathway by which macromolecules and organelles are degraded. Autophagy is regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway, which is the focal point for integration of metabolic information, with mTORC1 playing a central role in balancing biosynthesis and catabolism. Of the various inputs to mTORC1, the amino acid sensing pathway is among the most potent. Based upon transcriptome analysis of neurons subjected to nutrient deprivation, we identified let-7 as a microRNA capable of promoting neuronal autophagy. We found that let-7 activates autophagy by coordinately down-regulating the amino acid sensing pathway to prevent mTORC1 activation. Let-7 induced autophagy in the brain and greatly reduced protein aggregates in a lentivirus model of polyglutamine disease, establishing the physiological relevance of let-7 for in vivo autophagy modulation. Moreover, peripheral delivery of let-7 anti-miR repressed autophagy in muscle and white fat, suggesting that let-7 autophagy regulation extends beyond the CNS. Hence, let-7 plays a central role in nutrient homeostasis and proteostasis regulation in higher organisms. Using sets of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, we established primary cortical neuron cultures from P0 littermates, and cultured these neurons (n = 3 / set) in CM or NLM for 4 hrs.
2015-08-03 | E-GEOD-60452 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:STAT3 enhances sensitivity of glioblastoma to drug-induced autophagy-dependent lysosomal cell death
| PRJNA681849 | ENA
Project description:Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generates ATP and is required for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis during proliferation. In contrast, the role of OXPHOS in post-mitotic cells, beyond its contribution to ATP production, is less understood. Here, we show that in non-proliferating cells, OXPHOS ensures protection against oxidative stress by sustaining autophagy. Autophagy is suppressed and oxidative stress resistance is compromised in OXPHOS-deficient non-proliferating cells in vitro and in TFAM knockout mice in vivo, while attenuation of autophagy in OXPHOS-functional cells phenocopies the effects of OXPHOS deficiency. Mechanistically, the regulation of the autophagy / stress response by OXPHOS does not require changes in gene expression, AMPK/mTOR1/ULK1 signaling or NADH levels. Instead, OXPHOS maintains ROS levels to prevent activation of ATG4, a ROS-activated inhibitor of autophagy. We propose that protection against oxidative stress via the ROS-ATG4 axis is a novel function of mitochondrial respiration in non-proliferating cells that may have consequences for cancer therapy and beyond.
2022-01-07 | GSE146025 | GEO
Project description:Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is common in prostate cancers. STAT3 may induce cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as promote tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration by activating gene expression. Many STAT3-dependent transcriptional responses are mediated through protein-protein interactions that involve the amino-terminal domain (N-domain). In this study, we found that inhibition of the STAT3 N-domain using novel inhibitor ST3-Hel2A-2 induces apoptotic death in prostate cancer cells. The cell death was accomponied by robust activation of pro-apoptotic gene. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and tiling human promoter arrays (ChIP-chip), we have defined genome-wide targets of STAT3 in DU145 prostate cancer cells. We found that upregulated pro-apoptotic genes were bound by STAT3 in prostate cancer cells, and that STAT3 binding was decreased following inhibition of the STAT3 N-domain. STAT3 siRNA knockdow confirmed specificity of STAT3 binding and changes in gene expression. DU145 cells were treated with STAT3 siRNA or scrambled siRNA for 48hr. Total RNA has been extracted and prepared for hybridization on Affymetrix HG-U133A 2.0 arrays.
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25867 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is common in prostate cancers. STAT3 may induce cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as promote tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration by activating gene expression. Many STAT3-dependent transcriptional responses are mediated through protein-protein interactions that involve the amino-terminal domain (N-domain). In this study, we found that inhibition of the STAT3 N-domain using novel inhibitor ST3-Hel2A-2 induces apoptotic death in prostate cancer cells. The cell death was accomponied by robust activation of pro-apoptotic gene. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and tiling human promoter arrays (ChIP-chip), we have defined genome-wide targets of STAT3 in DU145 prostate cancer cells. We found that upregulated pro-apoptotic genes were bound by STAT3 in prostate cancer cells, and that STAT3 binding was decreased following inhibition of the STAT3 N-domain. DU145 cells were treated with ST3-Hel2A-2 or DMSO as a control for 3 hr. Total RNA has been extracted and prepared for hybridization on Affymetrix HG-U133A 2.0 arrays.
2010-12-07 | E-GEOD-25866 | biostudies-arrayexpress