Project description:The effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibody on ruminal fermentation, LPS activity, and liver transcriptomes were investigated during the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge.
Project description:Cattle are often fed high concentrate diets to increase energy intake and improve overall animal performance. Such diets also cause changes in fermentation patterns and epithelial function. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating epithelial function for cattle fed high concentrate diets have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to gain a broad overview of the involved molecular mechanisms by detecting differentially expressed genes (DEG) in rumen tissue from dairy cows fed a low concentrate (LC; 8%) compared to a high concentrate (HC; 64%) diet using a bovine-specific microarray platform containing 16,846 unique gene loci and 5,943 ESTs from the bovine genome. Feeding the HC diet increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration and markedly reduced ruminal pH, suggesting that the dietary treatments used did induce changes in ruminal fermentation. In response to changes in the ruminal environment, a total of 5,200 elements were detected as DEG in ruminal tissue with >1.5-fold expression change (P < 0.05) for cows fed HC relative to LC. Of the 5,200 DEG, 2,233 and 2,967 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. The GENECODIS analysis elucidated that relationships among the DEG represented 19 annotations characterized with GO molecular function and KEGG pathways with 26 DEG identified in multiple annotations such as calcium signaling and gap junction pathways. Among those DEG that were identified numerous times, catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACB) was down-regulated in ruminal tissue from cows fed HC, suggesting that this gene may have important roles including regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, and intracellular pH regulation. Two-condition experiment, High concentrate vs. Low concentrate diets. Biological replicates: 5 high concentrate fed, 5 low concentrate, independently grown and harvested. Two replicates per array.
Project description:Cattle are often fed high concentrate diets to increase energy intake and improve overall animal performance. Such diets also cause changes in fermentation patterns and epithelial function. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating epithelial function for cattle fed high concentrate diets have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to gain a broad overview of the involved molecular mechanisms by detecting differentially expressed genes (DEG) in rumen tissue from dairy cows fed a low concentrate (LC; 8%) compared to a high concentrate (HC; 64%) diet using a bovine-specific microarray platform containing 16,846 unique gene loci and 5,943 ESTs from the bovine genome. Feeding the HC diet increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration and markedly reduced ruminal pH, suggesting that the dietary treatments used did induce changes in ruminal fermentation. In response to changes in the ruminal environment, a total of 5,200 elements were detected as DEG in ruminal tissue with >1.5-fold expression change (P < 0.05) for cows fed HC relative to LC. Of the 5,200 DEG, 2,233 and 2,967 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. The GENECODIS analysis elucidated that relationships among the DEG represented 19 annotations characterized with GO molecular function and KEGG pathways with 26 DEG identified in multiple annotations such as calcium signaling and gap junction pathways. Among those DEG that were identified numerous times, catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACB) was down-regulated in ruminal tissue from cows fed HC, suggesting that this gene may have important roles including regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, and intracellular pH regulation.
Project description:We investigated changes in rumen fermentation, peripheral blood metabolites and hormones, and hepatic transcriptomic dynamics in Holstein cows with and those without subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during the periparturient period.
Project description:We explored the effect of long-term high-concentrate diet feeding on ruminal pH and fermentation, and its effect on the rumen epithelial transcriptomes in Japanese Black beef cattle during a 20-month fattening period.
Project description:Mismanagement of plastic waste has contributed to plastic pollution in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, farm animals are likely to consume microplastic (MP) contaminated feed. However, the interactions of MP with the ruminal microbial ecosystem remain poorly understood. This study investigated the interaction of MP within the ruminal ecosystem in vitro using the Hohenheim Gas Test. Different MP variants were applied, reflecting different combinations of five MP species (polylactide, polyhydroxy butyric acid, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene), in two particle size ranges (<125 μm; 125-500 μm) and increasing dosages (from 0 to 70 mg /incubation cylinder) together with ruminal fluid and hay or barley as substrates. Cumulative gas production, pH and dry matter disappearance were determined before analyzing volatile fatty acids, metaproteomics and metabolomics. In the presence of MP, cumulative gas production decreased regardless of the MP 63 species, dose or particle size, while total dry matter degradation increased. Microbial proteins in barley incubations showed lower Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes abundance in the presence of MP and increased activities of the protein groups `replication and repair`, and `translation`, but decreased activities of `carbohydrate metabolism and transport` and `amino acids metabolism`. The data indicated that MP, regardless of their species and particle size, interact with the ruminal microbiome and may be partially degraded in vitro. This suggests a reduction of MP size in the rumen thereby increasing the likelihood to penetrate animal tissues. Future research must confirm the findings in vivo and determine their consequences for animal health and consumer safety.
Project description:This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of ruminal VFAs on the circadian rhythm of gene expression in ORECs of Grain-diet and Hay-diet groups. The ORECs treated with Grain-VFAs and Hay-VFAs were collected at six different timepoints (T0, T4, T8, T12, T16, and T20) for the circadian rhythm analysis using RNA sequencing.