Recurring urothelial carcinomas show genomic rearrangements incompatible with a direct relationship, implications for tumor development.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA612251 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We made use of the fact that patients with non-muscle invasive tumors show frequent local recurrences and multiple tumors to study re-initiation of tumor growth from the same urothelium. By extensive genomic analyses we show that tumors from the same patient are clonal. We show that gross genomic chromosomal aberrations may appear abruptly and disappear with no transitional stages being observed. By analysis of incompatible changes i.e., genomic alterations that cannot be reversed, we show that almost all tumors from a single patient show such changes, thus the tumors cannot have originated from each other. As recurrent tumors share both genomic alterations and driver gene mutations, these must have been present in the histologically normal urothelium in periods with no tumor growth. We present a model that includes a growing and genomically evolving field of urothelial cells that occasionally, and locally, produce bursts of cellular growth leading to overt tumors. This gene expression data was used to check the molecular subtypes based on Lund taxonomy (LundTax) in the recurring urothelial carcinomas.
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Project description:We used the fact that patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumors show local recurrences and multiple tumors to study re-initiation of tumor growth from the same urothelium. By extensive genomic analyses we show that tumors from the same patient are clonal. We show that gross genomic chromosomal aberrations may be detected in one tumor, only to be undetected in a recurrent tumor. By analyses of incompatible changes i.e., genomic alterations that cannot be reversed, we show that almost all tumors from a single patient may show such changes, thus the tumors cannot have originated from each other. As recurring tumors share both genomic alterations and driver gene mutations, these must have been present in the urothelium in periods with no tumor growth. We present a model that includes a growing and evolving field of urothelial cells that occasionally, and locally, produce bursts of cellular growth leading to overt tumors.
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Project description:<p>Late blight is one of the main biological stresses limiting the potato yield; however, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the infection process of <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> remain unrevealed. In this study, the late blight-resistant potato cultivar Ziyun No.1 (R) and the susceptible cultivar Favorita (S) were inoculated with <em>P. infestans</em>. Untargeted metabolomics was used to study the changes of metabolites in the compatible and incompatible interactions of the two cultivars and the pathogen at 0, 48 and 96 h postinoculation (hpi). A total of 819 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic differences mainly emerged after 48 hpi. There were 198 and 115 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the compatible and incompatible interactions. These included 147 and 100 upregulated metabolites during the compatible and incompatible interactions, respectively. Among them, 73 metabolites were identified as the <em>P. infestans</em>-responsive DEMs. Furthermore, the comparisons between the two cultivars identified 57 resistance-related metabolites. Resistant potato cultivar had higher levels of salicylic acid and several upstream phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolites, triterpenoids and hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, such as sakuranetin, ferulic acid, ganoderic acid Mi, lucidenic acid D2 and caffeoylmalic acid. These metabolites play crucial roles in cell wall thickening and have antibacterial and antifungal activities. This study reports the time-course metabolomic responses of potatoes to <em>P. infestans</em>. The findings reveal the responses involved in the compatible and incompatible interactions of potatoes and <em>P. infestans</em>.</p>
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Project description:Genome rearrangements, especially amplifications and deletions, have regularly been observed as responses to sustained application of the same strong selective pressure in microbial populations growing in continuous culture. We studied eight strains of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) isolated after 100–500 generations of growth in glucose-limited chemostats. Changes in DNA copy number were assessed at single-gene resolution by using DNA microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization. Six of these evolved strains were aneuploid as the result of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Most of the aneuploid regions were the result of translocations, including three instances of a shared breakpoint on chromosome 14 immediately adjacent to CIT1, which encodes the citrate synthase that performs a key regulated step in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Three strains had amplifications in a region of chromosome 4 that includes the high-affinity hexose transporters; one of these also had the aforementioned chromosome 14 break. Three strains had extensive overlapping deletions of the right arm of chromosome 15. Further analysis showed that each of these genome rearrangements was bounded by transposon-related sequences at the breakpoints. The observation of repeated, independent, but nevertheless very similar, chromosomal rearrangements in response to persistent selection of growing cells parallels the genome rearrangements that characteristically accompany tumor progression. Set of arrays organized by shared biological context, such as organism, tumors types, processes, etc. Computed
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