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Koala methylomes reveal divergent and conserved DNA methylation signatures of X chromosome regulation

ABSTRACT: Koala methylomes reveal divergent and conserved DNA methylation signatures of X chromosome regulation

PROVIDER: PRJNA629340 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR11646500_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR11646500_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR11646501_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR11646501_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR11646502_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Koala methylomes reveal divergent and conserved DNA methylation signatures of X chromosome regulation

Project description:We examined genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation from whole genome DNA methylation maps of five tissues (brain, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) from one male koala and one female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and present the first whole genome, multi-tissue “methylome atlas” with information on tissue- and sex-specific variation of DNA methylation for a marsupial.

2021-02-27 | GSE149600 | GEO

Koala methylomes reveal divergent and conserved DNA methylation signatures of X chromosome regulation.

Project description:X chromosome inactivation (XCI) mediated by differential DNA methylation between sexes is an iconic example of epigenetic regulation. Although XCI is shared between eutherians and marsupials, the role of DNA methylation in marsupial XCI remains contested. Here, we examine genome-wide signatures of DNA methylation across fives tissues from a male and female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and present the first whole-genome, multi-tissue marsupial 'methylome atlas'. Using these novel data, we elucidate divergent versus common features of representative marsupial and eutherian DNA methylation. First, tissue-specific differential DNA methylation in koalas primarily occurs in gene bodies. Second, females show significant global reduction (hypomethylation) of X chromosome DNA methylation compared to males. We show that this pattern is also observed in eutherians. Third, on average, promoter DNA methylation shows little difference between male and female koala X chromosomes, a pattern distinct from that of eutherians. Fourth, the sex-specific DNA methylation landscape upstream of Rsx, the primary lncRNA associated with marsupial XCI, is consistent with the epigenetic regulation of female-specific (and presumably inactive X chromosome-specific) expression. Finally, we use the prominent female X chromosome hypomethylation and classify 98 previously unplaced scaffolds as X-linked, contributing an additional 14.6 Mb (21.5%) to genomic data annotated as the koala X chromosome. Our work demonstrates evolutionarily divergent pathways leading to functionally conserved patterns of XCI in two deep branches of mammals.

| S-EPMC7934952 | biostudies-literature

Whole-genome DNA methylomes of tree shrew brains reveal conserved and divergent roles of DNA methylation on sex chromosome regulation.

Project description:BackgroundThe tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is a promising emerging model organism in biomedical studies, notably due to their evolutionary proximity to primates. To enhance our understanding of how DNA methylation is implicated in regulation of gene expression and the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in tree shrew brains, here we present their first genome-wide, single-base-resolution methylomes integrated with transcriptomes from prefrontal cortices.ResultsGenome-wide relationships between DNA methylation and gene expression are consistent with those in other mammals. Interestingly, we observed a clear and significant global reduction (hypomethylation) of DNA methylation across the entire female X chromosome compared to male X. Female hypomethylation does not directly contribute to the gene silencing of the inactivated X chromosome nor does it significantly drive sex-specific gene expression in tree shrews. However, we identified a putative regulatory region in the 5' end of the X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist) gene, whose pattern of differential DNA methylation strongly relate to its sex-differential expression in tree shrews. Furthermore, differential methylation of this region is conserved across different species. We also provide evidence suggesting that the observed difference between human and tree shrew X-linked promoter methylation is associated with the difference in genomic CpG contents.ConclusionsOur study offers novel information on genomic DNA methylation of tree shrews as well as insights into the evolution of sex chromosome regulation in mammals. Specifically, we show conserved role of DNA methylation in regulation of Xist expression and propose genomic CpG contents as a factor in driving sex-differential DNA methylation of X-linked promoters.

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Centromeric chromatin in Koala

Project description:We report high throughput sequencing of DNA associated with centromeric chromatin in the koala genome.

2018-04-26 | GSE111153 | GEO

Proteomic analysis of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa and prostatic bodies

Project description:The aims of this study were to investigate the proteome of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa and that of the prostatic bodies with which they form intimate contact at the moment of ejaculation. For this purpose, spermatozoa and prostatic bodies were obtained from four adult male koala by electroejaculation and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. This strategy successfully identified and 744 koala sperm and 1,297 prostatic body proteins, which were subsequently attributed to 482 and 776 unique gene products, respectively. Gene ontology curation of the koala sperm proteome revealed an abundance of proteins mapping to the canonical sirtuin and 14-3-3 signalling pathways. By contrast, protein ubiquitination and unfolding protein response pathways dominated the equivalent analysis of proteins uniquely identified in koala prostatic bodies. In terms of functional annotation, koala sperm proteins commonly mapped to the categories of cellular compromise/inflammatory response, whilst those of the prostatic body revealed an over-representation of molecular chaperone and stress-related proteins associated with cell survival. Cross-species comparisons demonstrated that the koala sperm proteome displays greater conservation with that of eutherians (human; 93%) as opposed to reptile (crocodile; 39%) and avian (rooster; 27%) spermatozoa. Similarly, koala prostatic body proteins also presented a relatively high degree of overlap (70%) with those identified in sub-populations of large human seminal plasma extracellular vesicles. Together, this work contributes our overall understanding of the core sperm proteome and has identified candidate markers that may contribute to the exceptional longevity of koala spermatozoa during ex vivo storage.

2021-08-23 | PXD024250 | Pride

Divergences of sperm DNA methylomes between monozygotic twin seed bulls reveal fertility-related genes (WGBS)

Project description:The sperm DNA methylomes of the MZ twin bulls were investigated by WGBS at single-base resolution. We detected DMRs between the twin bulls with divergent sperm qualities. We also conducted transcriptome sequencing for the MZ twin bulls in three replicates. We investigated the relationship between methylation and gene expression.

2020-01-01 | GSE131850 | GEO

The trajectory of KoRV-A Evolution Indicates Initial Integration into the Koala Germline Genome Near Coffs Harbour [Adelaide RNA-seq]

Project description:Koala Retrovirus-A is a gamma-retrovirus sweeping wild koalas via a combination of horizontal and vertical transfer, contributing substantial genomic diversity across and even within koala populations. While studies have estimated KoRV-A's integration into the koala genome occurred 120–50,000 years ago, the origin and spread patterns of its endogenization remain unclear. Here, we analyze KoRV-A germline insertions using whole-genome sequencing data from 405 wild koalas, encompassing nearly the full koala habitat range. We map a trajectory of KoRV-A evolution and propose that KoRV-A first entered the koala germline genome near Coffs Harbour. As KoRV-A spread, replication-competitive subtypes emerged, two of which recombined with an ancient endogenous retrovirus, PhER, resulting in distinct recombination variants across northern and southern koala populations. Additionally, we identified a geographic barrier north of Sydney, which has slowed the southward spread of KoRV-A into Sydney and beyond.

2025-01-15 | GSE282118 | GEO

The trajectory of KoRV-A Evolution Indicates Initial Integration into the Koala Germline Genome Near Coffs Harbour [Adelaide DNA-seq]

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Divergences of sperm DNA methylomes between monozygotic twin seed bulls reveal fertility-related genes (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Semen quality is extremely important for fertility, and it is easily influenced by environmental factors and can induce subfertility of the next generations. The sperm DNA methylomes of the MZ twin bulls were investigated by WGBS at single-base resolution. We detected DMRs between the twin bulls with divergent sperm qualities. We also conducted transcriptome sequencing for the MZ twin bulls in three replicates. We investigated the relationship between methylation and gene expression.

2020-01-01 | GSE131849 | GEO

Comparative single-cell transcriptomic atlases reveal conserved and divergent features of drosophilid central brains

Project description:Comparative single-cell transcriptomic atlases reveal conserved and divergent features of drosophilid central brains

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