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Synaptic Schwann cells: specific labeling reveals unique cellular and molecular features

ABSTRACT: Synaptic Schwann cells: specific labeling reveals unique cellular and molecular features

PROVIDER: PRJNA640384 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12045620.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12045621.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12045622.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12045623.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12045624.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Synaptic Schwann cells: specific labeling reveals unique cellular and molecular features

Project description:Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) are specialized, non-myelinating, synaptic glia of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), that participate in synapse development, function, maintenance, and repair. The study of PSCs has relied on an anatomy-based approach, as the identities of cell-specific PSC molecular markers have remained elusive. This limited approach has precluded our ability to isolate and genetically manipulate PSCs in a cell specific manner. We have identified neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) as a unique molecular marker of S100β+ PSCs in skeletal muscle. NG2 is expressed in Schwann cells already associated with the NMJ, indicating that it is a marker of differentiated PSCs. Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in PSCs and synapses. These findings will serve as a springboard for revealing drivers of PSC differentiation and function.

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Project description:Age-induced degeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is associated with motor dysfunction and muscle atrophy. While the impact of aging on the NMJ pre- and postsynapse is well-documented, little is known about the changes perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), the synaptic glia of the NMJ, undergo during aging. Here, we examined PSCs in young, middle-aged, and old mice in three muscles with different susceptibility to aging. Using light and electron microscopy, we found that PSCs acquire age-associated cellular features either prior to or at the same time as the onset of NMJ degeneration. Notably, we found that aged PSCs fail to completely cap the NMJ even though they are more abundant in old compared to young mice. We also found that aging PSCs form extensions that guide axon terminal sprouts away from innervated NMJs. We next profiled the transcriptome of PSCs and other Schwann cells (SCs) to identify mechanisms altered in aged PSCs. This analysis revealed that aged PSCs acquire a transcriptional pattern that promotes phagocytosis that is absent in other SCs. It also showed that aged PSCs upregulate unique pro-inflammatory molecules compared to other aged SCs. Interestingly, neither synaptogenesis genes nor genes that are typically upregulated by repair SCs were induced in aged PSCs or other SCs. These findings provide insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms that could be targeted in PSCs to stave-off the deleterious effects of aging on NMJs.

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