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Activation of the antiviral factor RNase L triggers translation of non-coding mRNA sequences

ABSTRACT: Activation of the antiviral factor RNase L triggers translation of non-coding mRNA sequences

PROVIDER: PRJNA663848 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12651200.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12651201.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12651202.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12651203.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12651204.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Activation of the antiviral factor RNase L triggers translation of non-coding mRNA sequences

Project description:Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is activated as part of the innate immune response and plays an important role in the clearance of viral infections. When activated, it endonucleolytically cleaves both viral and host RNAs, leading to a global reduction in protein synthesis. However, it remains unknown how widespread RNA decay, and consequent changes in the translatome, promote the elimination of viruses. To study how this altered transcriptome is translated, we assayed the global distribution of ribosomes in RNase L activated human cells with ribosome profiling. We found that RNase L activation leads to a substantial increase in the fraction of translating ribosomes in ORFs internal to coding sequences (iORFs) and ORFs within 5’ and 3’ UTRs (uORFs and dORFs). Translation of these alternative ORFs was dependent on RNase L’s cleavage activity, suggesting that mRNA decay fragments are translated to produce short peptides that may be important for antiviral activity.

2021-01-18 | GSE158044 | GEO

Rnase L reprograms translation by widespread mRNA turnover escaped by antiviral mRNAs

Project description:In response to foreign and endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), protein kinase R (PKR) and ribonuclease L (RNase L) reprogram translation in mammalian cells. PKR inhibits translation initiation through eIF2 phosphorylation, which triggers stress granule (SG) formation and promotes translation of stress responsive mRNAs. The mechanisms of RNase L-driven translation repression, its contribution to SG assembly, and its regulation of dsRNA stress-induced mRNAs are unknown. We demonstrate that RNase L drives translational shut-off in response to dsRNA by promoting widespread turnover of mRNAs. This alters stress granule assembly and reprograms translation by only allowing for the translation of mRNAs resistant to RNase L degradation, including numerous antiviral mRNAs such as IFN- . Individual cells differentially activate dsRNA responses revealing variation that can affect cellular outcomes. This identifies bulk mRNA degradation and the resistance of antiviral mRNAs as the mechanism by which RNaseL reprograms translation in response to dsRNA.

2019-07-10 | GSE124144 | GEO

Activation of the antiviral factor RNase L triggers translation of non-coding mRNA sequences.

Project description:Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is activated as part of the innate immune response and plays an important role in the clearance of viral infections. When activated, it endonucleolytically cleaves both viral and host RNAs, leading to a global reduction in protein synthesis. However, it remains unknown how widespread RNA decay, and consequent changes in the translatome, promote the elimination of viruses. To study how this altered transcriptome is translated, we assayed the global distribution of ribosomes in RNase L activated human cells with ribosome profiling. We found that RNase L activation leads to a substantial increase in the fraction of translating ribosomes in ORFs internal to coding sequences (iORFs) and ORFs within 5' and 3' UTRs (uORFs and dORFs). Translation of these alternative ORFs was dependent on RNase L's cleavage activity, suggesting that mRNA decay fragments are translated to produce short peptides that may be important for antiviral activity.

| S-EPMC8216459 | biostudies-literature

Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

Project description:Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

| PRJNA504440 | ENA

Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

Project description:Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

| PRJNA494814 | ENA

Rnase L reprograms translation by widespread mRNA turnover escaped by antiviral mRNAs

Project description:Rnase L reprograms translation by widespread mRNA turnover escaped by antiviral mRNAs

| PRJNA510831 | ENA

Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

Project description:In response to viral pathogens, the host upregulates antiviral genes that suppress translation of viral mRNAs. However, induction of such antiviral responses may not be exclusive to viruses as the pathways lie at the intersection of broad inflammatory networks that can also be induced by bacterial pathogens. Using a model of Gram-negative sepsis, we show that propagation of kidney damage initiated by a bacterial origin ultimately involves antiviral responses that result in host translation shutdown. We determined that activation of the Eif2ak2-Eif2α axis is the key mediator of translation initiation block in late phase sepsis. Reversal of this axis mitigated kidney injury. Furthermore, temporal profiling of the kidney translatome revealed that multiple genes involved in formation of the initiation complex were translationally altered during bacterial sepsis. Collectively, our findings implicate that translation shutdown is indifferent to the specific initiating pathogen and is an important determinant of tissue injury in sepsis.

2018-11-16 | GSE122274 | GEO

Bacterial sepsis triggers an antiviral response that causes translation shutdown

2018-10-06 | GSE120877 | GEO

RNase L regulates the antiviral proteome by accelerating mRNA decay, inhibiting nuclear mRNA export, and repressing RNAPII-mediated transcription

Project description:Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an antiviral endoribonuclease that triggers widespread degradation of cellular mRNAs. Here, we show that the degradation of cellular mRNA by RNase L is a conserved response to flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), and West Nile virus (WNV). Quantitative mass spectrometry in response to dsRNA or ZIKV infection shows that RNase L broadly downregulates the cellular proteome, reducing proteins with short half-lives involved in cell cycle progression, cellular metabolism, and protein synthesis. The mRNAs encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) evade mRNA decay by RNase L, allowing for protein synthesis of ISG-encoding mRNAs. However, RNase L dampens ISG protein synthesis by triggering a block in nuclear mRNA export and repressing RNAPII-mediated transcription at later times during the antiviral response. These findings implicate reprograming of the cellular proteome as primary means by which RNase L combats viral infection, tumorigenesis, and immune dysregulation.

2025-10-04 | MSV000099383 | MassIVE

An essential role for the antiviral endoribonuclease, RNase-L, in antibacterial immunity.

Project description:Type I interferons were discovered as the primary antiviral cytokines and are now known to serve critical functions in host defense against bacterial pathogens. Accordingly, established mediators of interferon antiviral activity may mediate previously unrecognized antibacterial functions. RNase-L is the terminal component of an RNA decay pathway that is an important mediator of interferon-induced antiviral activity. Here we identify a novel role for RNase-L in the host antibacterial response. RNase-L-/- mice exhibited a dramatic increase in mortality following challenge with Bacillus anthracis and Escherichia coli; this increased susceptibility was due to a compromised immune response resulting in increased bacterial load. Investigation of the mechanisms of RNase-L antibacterial activity indicated that RNase-L is required for the optimal induction of proinflammatory cytokines that play essential roles in host defense from bacterial pathogens. RNase-L also regulated the expression of the endolysosomal protease, cathepsin-E, and endosome-associated activities, that function to eliminate internalized bacteria and may contribute to RNase-L antimicrobial action. Our results reveal a unique role for RNase-L in the antibacterial response that is mediated through multiple mechanisms. As a regulator of fundamental components of the innate immune response, RNase-L represents a viable therapeutic target to augment host defense against diverse microbial pathogens. two strains: wildtype and knockout, three time points: untreated, 2hours, and 8hours. three replication for each group. Totally 18 samples.

2008-12-19 | E-GEOD-13530 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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