HIF1α/RelB cross-talk and miR-138-5p modulate APOBEC3B-mediated HBV cccDNA decay
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA679300 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR13081853.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13081854.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13081855.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13081856.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13081857.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Background & aimsImmune-mediated induction of cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) expression leads to HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) decay. Here, we aimed to decipher the signalling pathway(s) and regulatory mechanism(s) involved in A3B induction and related HBV control.MethodsDifferentiated HepaRG cells (dHepaRG) knocked-down for NF-κB signalling components, transfected with siRNA or micro RNAs (miRNA), and primary human hepatocytes ± HBV or HBVΔX or HBV-RFP, were treated with lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR)-agonist (BS1). The biological outcomes were analysed by reverse transcriptase-qPCR, immunoblotting, luciferase activity, chromatin immune precipitation, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, targeted-bisulfite-, miRNA-, RNA-, genome-sequencing, and mass-spectrometry.ResultsWe found that canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling pathways are mandatory for A3B induction and anti-HBV effects. The degree of immune-mediated A3B production is independent of A3B promoter demethylation but is controlled post-transcriptionally by the miRNA 138-5p expression (hsa-miR-138-5p), promoting A3B mRNA decay. Hsa-miR-138-5p over-expression reduced A3B levels and its antiviral effects. Of note, established infection inhibited BS1-induced A3B expression through epigenetic modulation of A3B promoter. Twelve days of treatment with a LTβR-specific agonist BS1 is sufficient to reduce the cccDNA pool by 80% without inducing significant damages to a subset of cancer-related host genes. Interestingly, the A3B-mediated effect on HBV is independent of the transcriptional activity of cccDNA as well as on rcDNA synthesis.ConclusionsAltogether, A3B represents the only described enzyme to target both transcriptionally active and inactive cccDNA. Thus, inhibiting hsa-miR-138-5p expression should be considered in the combinatorial design of new therapies against HBV, especially in the context of immune-mediated A3B induction.Lay summaryImmune-mediated induction of cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B is transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB signalling and post-transcriptionally downregulated by hsa-miR-138-5p expression, leading to cccDNA decay. Timely controlled APOBEC3B-mediated cccDNA decay occurs independently of cccDNA transcriptional activity and without damage to a subset of cancer-related genes. Thus, APOBEC3B-mediated cccDNA decay could offer an efficient therapeutic alternative to target hepatitis B virus chronic infection.
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Project description:Thymic medullary epithelial cell (mTEC) expression of the autoimmune regulator AIRE, and of tissue-specific antigens, is controlled by members of the non-canonical NF-kB signalling pathway, including RelB and NF-kB2. Of the genes in this pathway, RelB-/- mice develop a particularly severe multi-organ autoimmune syndrome, resembling Foxp3-deficiency. RelB-/- mice have medullary atrophy and few mTECs but the mechanism is unknown. We show that RelB is required for expression of medullary chemokines and mTEC AIRE, selection of a diverse peripheral T cell repertoire, and for peripheral Foxp3+ Treg function. Vβ families of T cells infiltrating diseased peripheral organs and thymic Treg were similarly skewed. Surprisingly, medullary atrophy results from intra-thymic granulocyte infiltration, consequent upon the Th2-mediated autoimmune disease. Dominant tolerance corrects thymic inflammatory disease and loss of thymic function. We demonstrate a reversible RelB-dependent inflammatory mechanism for loss of central tolerance associated with medullary atrophy. Thymi from 4 RelB+/- mice and 3 RelB-/- mice were profiled by microarays
2012-12-27 | E-GEOD-43154 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) forms the basis for replication and persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the chronically infected liver. In this study we sought to identify host factors interacting with the HBV genome. Nucleolin (Ncl) was identified as a potential interactor of HBV cccDNA. This interaction was veriefied using an established ChIPseq protocol. The data show that Ncl binds cccDNA albeit at lower levels than HBcAg. Ncl deposition occurs across the genome without a clear localization and a variable pattern of deposition between experiments. This verifies the interaction of Ncl with HBV-cccDNA.
2021-12-31 | GSE123715 | GEO
Project description:Thymic medullary epithelial cell (mTEC) expression of the autoimmune regulator AIRE, and of tissue-specific antigens, is controlled by members of the non-canonical NF-kB signalling pathway, including RelB and NF-kB2. Of the genes in this pathway, RelB-/- mice develop a particularly severe multi-organ autoimmune syndrome, resembling Foxp3-deficiency. RelB-/- mice have medullary atrophy and few mTECs but the mechanism is unknown. We show that RelB is required for expression of medullary chemokines and mTEC AIRE, selection of a diverse peripheral T cell repertoire, and for peripheral Foxp3+ Treg function. Vβ families of T cells infiltrating diseased peripheral organs and thymic Treg were similarly skewed. Surprisingly, medullary atrophy results from intra-thymic granulocyte infiltration, consequent upon the Th2-mediated autoimmune disease. Dominant tolerance corrects thymic inflammatory disease and loss of thymic function. We demonstrate a reversible RelB-dependent inflammatory mechanism for loss of central tolerance associated with medullary atrophy.
2012-12-27 | GSE43154 | GEO
Project description:Background & Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health burden worldwide and currently there is no cure. The persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the major obstacle for antiviral treatment. HBV core protein (HBc) has merged as a promising antiviral target, as it plays important roles in critical steps of viral life cycle. However, whether HBc could regulate HBV cccDNA transcription remains to be illustrated. Methods: Synthesized HBV cccDNA and HBVcircle with or without HBc deficiency were transfected into hepatocytes. A recently reported Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) mediated HBV cccDNA mouse model was employed. Two capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) were used. HBV replication markers were evaluated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) or ChIP sequencing assays were conducted with different transcription factors, histones and RNA polymerase 2. Results: In HBV cccDNA and HBVcircle transfection assays, lack of HBc showed no effect on transcription of HBV RNA as well as HBV surface antigen production. Reconstitution of HBc did not change cccDNA derived HBV markers. Similar results were obtained in vivo, from mouse cccDNA model. ChIP data revealed similar transcription regulation of HBc deficient cccDNA chromatin with wide type cccDNA. Furthermore, CAMs treatment could not alter cccDNA transcription. Conclusions: Our results indicate that HBc neither affects histone modifications and transcription factors binding of cccDNA, nor influences cccDNA transcription. Although CAMs could reduce HBc binding to cccDNA, it does not suppress cccDNA transcriptional activity. Thus, therapeutic targeting capsid or HBc is not sufficient to reduce cccDNA transcription.
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Project description:Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems exhibit high specificity within each pair to ensure precise recognition of the toxin by its cognate antitoxin to inhibit toxicity of the free toxin. Despite high structural similarity among some TAs, crosstalk between noncognate TA pairs is rare. To determine how the E. coli RelB antitoxin suppresses its cognate RelE toxin, we engineered C-terminal truncations of RelB and tested their functional effects on toxin suppression in E. coli. We find that removal of the long Cterminal a3 and connecting loop 4 (L4) of RelB prevents RelE suppression. Quantitative binding assays of RelE and RelB variants support a reduced affinity upon removal of the RelB C-terminus. Disrupting these interactions between RelB and RelE also led to a significant decrease in transcriptional repression at the relO operator, underscoring the requirement for RelE binding to RelB for optimal repression at DNA repressor elements. Comparison to other structurally homologous TA systems, such as E. coli DinJ-YafQ, reveals key differences in the molecular mechanisms of both toxin suppression and DNA repressor activity highlighting the diversity in TA regulation and function.
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Project description:The single-stranded DNA cytosine-to-uracil deaminase APOBEC3B is an antiviral protein implicated in cancer. However, its substrates in cells are not fully delineated. Here, APOBEC3B proteomics reveal interactions with a surprising number of R-loop factors. Biochemical experiments show APOBEC3B binding to R-loops in human cells and in vitro. Genetic experiments demonstrate R-loop increases in cells lacking APOBEC3B and decreases in cells overexpressing APOBEC3B. Genome-wide analyses show major changes in the overall landscape of physiological and stimulus-induced R-loops with thousands of differentially altered regions as well as binding of APOBEC3B to many of these sites. APOBEC3 mutagenesis impacts overexpressed genes and splice factor mutant tumors preferentially, and APOBEC3-attributed kataegis are enriched in RTCW consistent with APOBEC3B deamination. Taken together with the fact that APOBEC3B binds single-stranded DNA and RNA and preferentially deaminates DNA, these results support a mechanism in which APOBEC3B mediates R-loop homeostasis and contributes to R-loop mutagenesis in cancer.
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