Project description:The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is an ancient palm species that since early times had been integrally exploited due to their many benefits to the habitants of the tropical and subtropical areas (Niral and Jerard, 2018). The coconut together with the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the Arecaceae family and represent a natural source of oils and carbohydrates both, highly demanded in food and pharmaceutical industries. The coconut shows high morphological variations, but grouping normally in two groups, according to their morphology and growth habits, the “Tall” and the “Dwarf” varieties. Frequently, hybrids are considered as a third variety resulting from cross pollination between Tall and Dwarfs. Tall varieties begin to flowering at 5-7 years after planting, and continue emitting inflorescences and fruits up to 80 to 100 years. When adults, tall palms reach heights between 20-30 m; producing fruits from medium to large in size with abundant solid endosperm and high oil content. In case of dwarf palm varieties, they start flowering and fruiting at 3-4 years after planting, and continue producing by almost 50 years. As adults, their height is 8-10 m, producing fruits from small to medium size with moderate amounts of solid endosperm and less oil content than tall varieties. The solid endosperm, also named as “coconut meat” and when it is dry “copra”, is the source of medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), e.g. lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0), among others, and their content of total fatty acids is higher in Tall than in Dwarf varieties. Coconut Oil contains high levels of lauric acid and exhibit characteristics as increased oxidative stability, low melting points and formation of stable emulsions, all them highly appreciated in the food and chemical industries (Kumar, 2011; Reynolds et al., 2019). Moreover, due to its high content of antioxidants such as tocopherol and beta-carotene, coconut oil exhibit various health benefits, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and cardiovascular protection. Coconut fruit growth and ripening is intrinsically related with development of the different seed tissues, i.e., endosperms, embryo and pericarp. The endosperms of the coconut fruit did not accumulate synchronically with fruit maturation.
Project description:The associated files are mass spec data from size exclusion chromoatography fractions. The starting material was a native nuclear extract made from purified endosperm nuclei of young (5 month old) green coconut (cocos nucifera).
Project description:We report the deep sequencing of small RNA populations derived from apex, internode 3, internode 6, internode 16, leaf +3, calli and suspesion cells from sugarcane cultivar Q117
Project description:Purpose: Analysis of the effect of different fats and amonut of cDDGS in the feedstuff on miRNA expression in porcine backfat Methods: miRNA-seq analysis was performed on backfat samples collected from 24 male and female crossbred fatteners originating from sows (Polish Landrace × White Large Polish) mated with a boar (Duroc × Pietrain) divided into four dietary groups: 7-cDDGS+rapeseed oil (group I), n=6 (+cDDGS+rapeseed oil -group II), n= 6 (+cDDGS+beeftallow -group III),n=5 (+cDDGS+coconut oil -group IV). The miRNA libraries were constructed from total RNA using NEBNext Multiplex Small RNA Library Prep Set for Illumina (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer protocol. The quantification of the obtained libraries was performed on a Qubit 2.0 spectrophotometer (Invitrogen, Life Technologies), while a quality control on a TapeStation 2200 instrument (D1000 ScreenTape; Agilent). 100 single-end cycle sequencing was performed on the HiScanSQ platform (Illumina) with the use of TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3- CBOT-HS and TruSeq SBS Kit v 3 - HS (Illumina). MicroRNA differentially expressed between dietary groups were identified with the DESeq2 software. Results: The comparison of miRNA profiles between dietary groups showed The highest number of miRNAs with altered expression was identified in the comparison of animals fed the diet containing cDDGS and coconut oil (group IV) with animals from the –cDDGS + rapeseed oil (group I) (37 miRNA, p adjusted <0.01). Moreover, in comparison between the group IV and groups III and II , 29 (12 upregulated and 17 downregulated in +cDDGS+coconut oil group) and 28 (10 upregulated and 18 downregulated in +cDDGS+coconut oil group) miRNAs were identified, respectively (p adjusted <0.1) Conclusions: Obtained results suggest that coconut oil induces changes in miRNA profile of backfat in pigs.
Project description:We report the deep sequencing of small RNA populations derived from apex, internode 3, internode 6, internode 16, leaf +3, calli and suspesion cells from sugarcane cultivar Q117 Each vegetative tissue was sampled from three independent field grown plants, pooled and sequenced using the GAIIx platform. Calli and suspension cell cultures were sequenced using the HiSeq 2000 platform.
Project description:Somatic embryogenesis (SE), a morphogenic process that takes advantage of the regenerative potential of plants to replicate whole plants starting from somatic explants, can be a source of variation with potential applications in plant breeding. It is one of the most suitable tools to apply functional genomics studies and genetic improvement in plants. However, beyond a few pioneering works mainly focused on model plants, the molecular characterization of SE mechanisms is still elusive, especially for woody species. In grapevine, this process is affected by many factors such as explant type, culture conditions and, most importantly, genotype. Many cultivars, in fact, have shown recalcitrance to tissue culture and transformation, and very low SE competence. Thus, the understanding of SE competence behind the regenerative aptitude is fundamental to the widespread application of the so-called “next-generation breeding techniques”, such as cisgenesis and genome editing, in grapevine. Here, we explored genetic and epigenetic features of the SE process in grapevine by investigating the behavior of two genotypes showing opposite SE competence. Embryogenic tissues were induced from immature stamens excised from field-collected flower clusters of Sangiovese (highly competent for embryogenesis) and Cabernet Sauvignon (poorly competent for embryogenesis). A multilayered approach was used to profile mRNA, smallRNAs and methylated DNA with high-throughput sequencing technologies in the initial explants, on undifferentiated calli induced after 40 days of culture, and in embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli after 3 months of culture. A comprehensive comparison of transcriptomes of the different types of calli with the grapevine gene expression atlas revealed that, in grapevine, the dedifferentiation to the callus formation during the embryogenesis process occurs via a ‘berry’ developmental pathway. This is dissimilar from that shown in Arabidopsis, in which dedifferentiated calli are more similar to the tip of a root meristem. Interestingly, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that secondary metabolism and gene expression regulation/epigenetics are the enriched functional categories of genes differentially down- and up-regulated in embryogenic vs non-embryogenic calli, respectively. These results prompted us to define the epigenetic landscape dynamics during SE in grapevine, revealing a significant increase in DNA methylation, especially in intergenic regions, in the embryogenic calli tissues. Finally, we proposed potential key regulators of SE in different genotypes that could represent putative targets of next-generation breeding techniques in grapevine.
Project description:OsbZIP58 is a regulator of starch synthesis in rice endosperm. T-DNA insertion null mutants of this gene showed a white belly phenotype indicating an altered starch composition and content. We further investigated how reduction of OsbZIP58 gene expression caused these changes by analyzing the transcriptomes in the immature endosperm at 9 DAF of the wild-type and osbzip58-1 mutants by microarray analysis.
Project description:OsbZIP58 is a regulator of starch synthesis in rice endosperm. T-DNA insertion null mutants of this gene showed a white belly phenotype indicating an altered starch composition and content. We further investigated how reduction of OsbZIP58 gene expression caused these changes by analyzing the transcriptomes in the immature endosperm at 9 DAF of the wild-type and osbzip58-1 mutants by microarray analysis. 9 DAF endosperm of Dongjin (wild type) and osbzip58-1 were used to compare the gene expresion, and three independent biological replicates for each material.