Effects and role(s) of the noncoding subgenomic RNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus in virus infection
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA741487 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR14915930_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14915930_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14915931_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14915931_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR14915932_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:In recent years, a new class of viral noncoding subgenomic (ncsg)RNA has been identified that is generated as a stable degradation product formed via an exonuclease-resistant (xr) RNA structure that blocks the progression of 5’-3’ exonuclease that degrades viral RNAs in infected cells. The xrRNA-derived ncsgRNAs have been implicated in virus pathogenicity, virus movement and transmission, and suppressing antiviral defense responses. Although ncsgRNAs of animal viruses have been studied extensively, research on the role of xrRNA-derived plant viral ncsgRNAs remain scarce. In this study, we assess the effects of the ncsgRNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), called SR1f, in infected plants. We demonstrate that the presence of SR1f leads to severe symptoms and increased viral RNA accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also provide evidence that suppression of RNA silencing is not the primary function of SR1f. Additionally, a comparative transcriptomic analysis in N. benthamiana infected with wildtype RCNMV and an SR1f-deficient mutant RCNMV reveal that wt RCNMV infection that produces SR1f has a greater and significant impact on cellular gene expression resulting in deregulation of several cellular pathways with upregulation of genes mainly involved in plant hormone signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling, and several metabolic pathways and downregulation of genes involved mainly in photosynthesis.
2021-06-26 | GSE178909 | GEO
Project description:In recent years, a new class of viral noncoding subgenomic RNA (ncsgRNA) has been identified. This RNA is generated as a stable degradation product via an exoribonuclease-resistant RNA (xrRNA) structure, which blocks the progression of 5'→3' exoribonuclease on viral RNAs in infected cells. Here, we assess the effects of the ncsgRNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), called SR1f, in infected plants. We demonstrate the following: (i) the absence of SR1f reduces symptoms and decreases viral RNA accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana plants; (ii) SR1f has an essential function other than suppression of RNA silencing; and (iii) the cytoplasmic exoribonuclease involved in mRNA turnover, XRN4, is not required for SR1f production or virus infection. A comparative transcriptomic analysis in N. benthamiana infected with wild-type RCNMV or an SR1f-deficient mutant RCNMV revealed that wild-type RCNMV infection, which produces SR1f and much higher levels of virus, has a greater and more significant impact on cellular gene expression than the SR1f-deficient mutant. Upregulated pathways include plant hormone signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling, and several metabolic pathways, while photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. We compare this to host genes known to participate in infection by other tombusvirids. Viral reads revealed a 10- to 100-fold ratio of positive to negative strand, and the abundance of reads of both strands mapping to the 3' region of RCNMV RNA1 support the premature transcription termination mechanism of synthesis for the coding sgRNA. These results provide a framework for future studies of the interactions and functions of noncoding RNAs of plant viruses. IMPORTANCE Knowledge of how RNA viruses manipulate host and viral gene expression is crucial to our understanding of infection and disease. Unlike viral protein-host interactions, little is known about the control of gene expression by viral RNA. Here, we begin to address this question by investigating the noncoding subgenomic RNA (ncsgRNA) of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), called SR1f. Similar exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs of flaviviruses are well studied, but the roles of plant viral ncsgRNAs, and how they arise, are poorly understood. Surprisingly, we find the likely exonuclease candidate, XRN4, is not required to generate SR1f, and we assess the effects of SR1f on virus accumulation and symptom development. Finally, we compare the effects of infection by wild-type RCNMV versus an SR1f-deficient mutant on host gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, which reveals that ncsgRNAs such as SR1f are key players in virus-host interactions to facilitate productive infection.
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Project description:White clover mosaic virus (WCMV) is a major pathogen of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), with significant effects on yield and persistence. Due to the absence of natural sources of WCMV resistance a transgenic strategy has been employed to produce plants constitutively expressing WCMV replicase gene derivatives, designed to inhibit the propagation of WCMV through an RNA silencing mechanism. A 12,000 feature oligonucleotide microarray has been used to identify global changes in host plant, in addition to virus genome-encoded gene expression associated with WCMV infection in non-transgenic and transgenic WCMV-resistant white clover. Pairwise comparison between the transcriptome of mock-inoculated non-transgenic and WCMV-inoculated transgenic plants provides clear evidence for substantial equivalence between these two genotype/treatments, and demonstrate the efficacy of the transgenic strategy. WCMV- inoculated non-transgenic plants exhibit elevated abundance of many virus-encoded, and host immune response-specific transcripts compared to the transgenic resistant plants or mock-inoculated non-transgenic plants. By contrast, relative to inoculated sensitive plants, the majority of significantly up-regulated genes in mock-inoculated non-transgenic plants or WCMV-inoculated transgenic plants are markers of healthy cellular function. These results, and the occurrence of levels of WCMV-encoded transcripts in inoculated transgenic plants equivalent to those in virus-free plants, confirm the validity of the transgenic RNA silencing approach.<br>
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Project description:Transcriptomes analysis of the petals from a red-flowered white clover mutant (red flowers) and its shade-treated counterpart (white flowers) grown under shaded conditions was performed using high-throughput sequencing. We obtained 121,626,564 and 130,577,944 clean reads in red-flowered mutant and treated counterpart, respectively. Of these clean reads, we respectively gained 125,350 and 99,638 unigene sequencces in two groups. As a result, a total of 157,964 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 728 bp and a median length of 1346 bp. These findings provideed insights into the expression profiles in red-flowered white clover mutant, and deepened our understanding of flower pigmentation in white clower.
2018-12-04 | GSE101059 | GEO
Project description:cherry and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV)
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Project description:Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Amplicon sequencing and variation analysis
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Project description:Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV) belong to the genus Benyvirus. Both viruses share a similar genome organization, but disease development induced in their major host plant sugar beet displays striking differences. BNYVV induces excessive lateral root (LR) formation by hijacking auxin-regulated pathways; whereas BSBMV infected roots appear asymptomatic. To elucidate transcriptomic changes associated with the virus-specific disease development of BNYVV and BSBMV, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of a virus infected susceptible sugar beet genotype.
2019-11-06 | E-MTAB-8187 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The structure of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), an icosahedral plant virus, was resolved to 8.5 A by cryoelectron microscopy. The virion capsid has prominent surface protrusions and subunits with a clearly defined shell and protruding domains. The structures of both the individual capsid protein (CP) subunits and the entire virion capsid are consistent with other species in the Tombusviridae family. Within the RCNMV capsid, there is a clearly defined inner cage formed by complexes of genomic RNA and the amino termini of CP subunits. An RCNMV virion has approximately 390 +/- 30 Ca2+ ions bound to the capsid and 420 +/- 25 Mg2+ ions thought to be in the interior of the capsid. Depletion of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from RCNMV leads to significant structural changes, including (i) formation of 11- to 13-A-diameter channels that extend through the capsid and (ii) significant reorganization within the interior of the capsid. Genomic RNA within native capsids containing both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is extremely resistant to nucleases, but depletion of both of these cations results in nuclease sensitivity, as measured by a significant reduction in RCNMV infectivity. These results indicate that divalent cations play a central role in capsid dynamics and suggest a mechanism for the release of viral RNA in low-divalent-cation environments such as those found within the cytoplasm of a cell.
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